Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals
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- Complete the exercises below. Hydrogen peroxide is capable of oxidizing: a. hydrazine to N₂ and H₂O. Write a balanced net ionic equation for this redox reaction. b. SO₂ to SO₄²⁻. Write a balanced net ionic equation for this redox reaction. c. NO₂⁻ to NO₃⁻. Write a balanced net ionic equation for this redox reaction. d. H₂S (g) to S (s). Write a balanced net ionic equation for this redox reaction.
Problem 83
- Complete the exercises below. A sulfuric acid plant produces a considerable amount of heat. This heat is used to generate electricity, which helps reduce operating costs. The synthesis of H₂SO₄ consists of three main chemical processes: a. oxidation of S to SO₂, b. oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃, c. the dissolving of SO₃ in H₂SO₄ and the subsequent reaction with water to form H₂SO₄. If the third process produces 130 kJ/mol, how much heat is produced in preparing a mole of H₂SO₄ from a mole of S? How much heat is produced in preparing 5000 pounds of H₂SO₄?
Problem 84
- Complete the exercises below. a. What is the oxidation state of P in PO₄³⁻ and N in NO₃⁻? b. Why doesn't N form a stable NO₄³⁻ ion analogous to P?
Problem 85
- Complete the exercises below. Write a balanced chemical reaction for the condensation reaction between H₃PO₄ molecules to form H₅P₃O₁₀.
Problem 87
- Complete the exercises below. Ultrapure germanium, like silicon, is used in semiconductors. Germanium of “ordinary” purity is prepared by the high-temperature reduction of GeO₂ with carbon. The Ge is converted to GeCl₄ by treatment with Cl₂ and then purified by distillation; GeCl₄ is then hydrolyzed in water to GeO₂ and reduced to the elemental form with H₂. The element is then zone refined. Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the chemical transformations in the course of forming ultrapure Ge from GeO₂.
Problem 88
- Complete the exercises below. When aluminum replaces up to half of the silicon atoms in SiO₂, a mineral class called feldspars results. The feldspars are the most abundant rock-forming minerals, comprising about 50% of the minerals in Earth’s crust. Orthoclase is a feldspar in which Al replaces one-fourth of the Si atoms of SiO₂, and charge balance is completed by K⁺ ions. Determine the chemical formula for orthoclase.
Problem 89