Textbook Question
(b) An AB4 molecule has two lone pairs of electrons on the A atom (in addition to the four B atoms). What is the electron-domain geometry around the A atom?
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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement111
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions166
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry138
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution127
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry104
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms109
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements107
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding102
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories120
- Ch.10 - Gases122
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces79
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials102
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics153
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium83
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria109
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria117
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment60
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics109
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry113
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry79
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals52
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry57
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry7
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 23
Give the electron-domain and molecular geometries of a molecule that has the following electron domains on its central atom: (a) four bonding domains and no nonbonding domains (b) three bonding domains and two nonbonding domains (c) five bonding domains and one nonbonding domain (d) four bonding domains and two nonbonding domains.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of electron-domain geometry and molecular geometry. Electron-domain geometry considers all electron domains (bonding and nonbonding) around the central atom, while molecular geometry considers only the arrangement of bonded atoms.
Step 2: For (a), identify the electron-domain geometry for a central atom with four bonding domains and no nonbonding domains. Use VSEPR theory to determine the shape.
Step 3: For (b), identify the electron-domain geometry for a central atom with three bonding domains and two nonbonding domains. Use VSEPR theory to determine the shape and consider how nonbonding domains affect the molecular geometry.
Step 4: For (c), identify the electron-domain geometry for a central atom with five bonding domains and one nonbonding domain. Use VSEPR theory to determine the shape and consider the effect of the nonbonding domain on the molecular geometry.
Step 5: For (d), identify the electron-domain geometry for a central atom with four bonding domains and two nonbonding domains. Use VSEPR theory to determine the shape and consider how the two nonbonding domains affect the molecular geometry.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electron-Domain Geometry
Electron-domain geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of all electron domains (bonding and nonbonding) around a central atom in a molecule. It is determined by the number of electron domains, which can include single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, and lone pairs. The geometry helps predict the overall shape of the molecule based on the repulsion between these electron domains.
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry describes the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in a molecule, considering only the positions of the nuclei of the atoms. It is influenced by the electron-domain geometry but focuses solely on the bonding pairs of electrons. Different arrangements of bonding pairs lead to distinct molecular shapes, such as tetrahedral, trigonal planar, or octahedral.
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Molecular Geometry with Two Electron Groups
VSEPR Theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, leading to specific geometries. This theory is essential for determining both electron-domain and molecular geometries based on the number of bonding and nonbonding domains.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. i.
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Textbook Question
In which of the following molecules can you confidently predict the bond angles about the central atom, and for which would you be a bit uncertain? Explain in each case. (a) H2S, (b) BCl3, (c) CH3I, (d) CBr4, (e) TeBr4.
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Textbook Question
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. ii.
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Textbook Question
Give the electron-domain and molecular geometries for the following molecules and ions: c. SF4
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