Textbook Question
What is the hybridization of the central atom in c. SO3?
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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement111
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions166
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry138
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution127
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry104
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms109
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements107
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding102
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories120
- Ch.10 - Gases122
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces79
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials102
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics153
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium83
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria109
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria117
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment60
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics109
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry113
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry79
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals52
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry57
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry7
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 53
Shown here are three pairs of hybrid orbitals, with each set at a characteristic angle. For each pair, determine the type of hybridization, if any, that could lead to hybrid orbitals at the specified angle. (a)
(b)
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(c)
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Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the characteristic angles for each pair of hybrid orbitals: 45°, 80°, 120°, and 180°.
Recall the common hybridization angles: sp (180°), sp2 (120°), sp3 (109.5°), and other less common hybridizations.
Determine the hybridization for the 45° angle. Note that this angle is not typical for standard hybrid orbitals, suggesting no common hybridization.
Determine the hybridization for the 80° angle. This angle is also not typical for standard hybrid orbitals, suggesting no common hybridization.
Determine the hybridization for the 120° and 180° angles. The 120° angle corresponds to sp2 hybridization, and the 180° angle corresponds to sp hybridization.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hybridization
Hybridization is the process of combining atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate bonding in molecules. The type of hybridization depends on the number of atomic orbitals mixed and the geometry of the resulting hybrid orbitals, which influences bond angles and molecular shape.
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Hybridization
Bond Angles
Bond angles are the angles formed between adjacent bonds in a molecule, which are determined by the arrangement of hybrid orbitals. Different types of hybridization lead to characteristic bond angles, such as 180° for sp hybridization, 120° for sp², and 109.5° for sp³, reflecting the geometry of the molecule.
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Types of Hybridization
There are several types of hybridization, including sp, sp², and sp³, each corresponding to different geometrical arrangements. For example, sp hybridization results in linear geometry with a 180° bond angle, while sp² leads to trigonal planar geometry with 120° angles, and sp³ results in tetrahedral geometry with 109.5° angles.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
(b) What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in each molecule?
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What is the hybridization of the central atom in a. SiCl4?
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Textbook Question
Which of the following statements are true? d. A 𝜋 bond has two regions of overlap on opposite sides of the internuclear axis.
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Textbook Question
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in d. GeH4.
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Textbook Question
(b) Imagine that you could hold two atoms that are bonded together, twist them, and not change the bond length. Would it be easier to twist (rotate) around a single s bond or around a double 1s plus p2 bond, or would they be the same?
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