Textbook Question
Draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, assign the electrons to orbitals, and predict the number of unpaired electrons for each of the following.
(a) [Cu(en)3]2+
(b) [FeF6]2-
(c) [Co(en)3]3+ (low spin)
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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement143
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions134
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions149
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms92
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory73
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures47
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure51
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy104
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior138
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes43
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials56
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties98
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics79
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases94
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria125
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium66
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry130
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry73
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements155
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry43
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.85a
McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.85aChapter 21, Problem 21.85a
Six isomers for a square planar palladium(II) complex that contains two Cl-and two SCN-ligands are shown below.
(a) Which structures are cis-trans isomers?
(b) Which structures are linkage isomers?
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Identify the coordination geometry of the complex. Since it is a square planar complex, the ligands are arranged in a square plane around the central metal ion.
For part (a), determine the cis-trans isomers by examining the positions of the Cl- and SCN- ligands. In cis isomers, similar ligands are adjacent, while in trans isomers, similar ligands are opposite each other.
List the possible arrangements of the ligands around the palladium center, considering the positions of Cl- and SCN- ligands to identify which are cis and which are trans.
For part (b), identify linkage isomers by considering the different ways the SCN- ligand can bind to the metal center. SCN- can bind through the sulfur atom (thiocyanato) or the nitrogen atom (isothiocyanato).
List the structures where SCN- is bound through different atoms, indicating the presence of linkage isomers.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cis-Trans Isomerism
Cis-trans isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where isomers differ in the spatial arrangement of ligands around a central atom. In square planar complexes, 'cis' refers to ligands being adjacent to each other, while 'trans' indicates that they are opposite. This arrangement affects the physical and chemical properties of the complex, making it essential to identify these isomers in coordination chemistry.
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3:33
Isomerism in Coordination Complexes Example
Linkage Isomerism
Linkage isomerism occurs when a ligand can coordinate to a metal center in more than one way. For example, the thiocyanate ion (SCN-) can bind through the sulfur atom (thiocyanato) or the nitrogen atom (isothiocyanato). This type of isomerism is significant in coordination compounds as it can lead to different chemical behaviors and reactivities.
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2:14Isomerism in Coordination Complexes Example
Square Planar Geometry
Square planar geometry is a molecular shape that occurs in certain coordination complexes, particularly those involving d8 metal ions like palladium(II). In this geometry, four ligands are arranged at the corners of a square around the central metal atom, leading to specific spatial arrangements that influence isomerism. Understanding this geometry is crucial for analyzing the isomers of the palladium complex in question.
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02:07Square planar complexes show the most complex splitting pattern.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
What is the systematic name for each of the following ions?
(a) [MnCl4]2-
(b) [Ni(NH3)6]2+
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Textbook Question
Assign a systematic name to each of the following ions.
(a) [AuCl4]-
(b) [Fe(CN)6]4-
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Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, describe the bonding using valence bond theory. Include orbital diagrams for the free metal ion and the metal ion in the complex. Indicate which hybrid orbitals the metal ion uses for bonding, and specify the number of unpaired electrons.
(a) [AuCl4]2 (square planar)
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Textbook Question
Draw a crystal field energy-level diagram for the 3d orbitals of titanium in [Ti(H2O)6]3+]. Indicate the crystal field splitting, and explain why is [Ti(H2O)6]3+] colored.
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Textbook Question
Draw the structures of all possible diastereoisomers of an octahedral complex with the formula MA2B2C2. Which of the diastereoisomers, if any, can exist as enantiomers?
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