Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, assign the electrons to orbitals, and predict the number of unpaired electrons.
(c) [Co(NCS)4]2- (tetrahedral)
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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement143
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions134
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions149
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms92
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory73
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures47
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure51
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy104
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior138
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes43
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials56
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties98
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics79
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases94
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria125
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium66
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry130
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry73
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements155
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry43
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.87b
McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.87bChapter 21, Problem 21.87b
Tell how many diastereoisomers are possible for each of the following complexes, and draw their structures.
(c) [Cu(H2O)4Cl2]+
(d) Ru(NH3)3I3
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of diastereoisomers.
Diastereoisomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. In coordination complexes, they arise when there are multiple chiral centers or when the ligands can be arranged in different spatial configurations.
Step 2: Analyze the complex [Cu(H2O)4Cl2]+.
This complex has a coordination number of 6, typically forming an octahedral geometry. The ligands are four water molecules and two chloride ions. Consider the possible arrangements of these ligands around the central copper ion.
Step 3: Determine the possible diastereoisomers for [Cu(H2O)4Cl2]+.
In an octahedral complex with two identical ligands (Cl-), the ligands can be arranged in either a cis or trans configuration. The cis configuration has the two chloride ions adjacent to each other, while the trans configuration has them opposite each other.
Step 4: Analyze the complex Ru(NH3)3I3.
This complex also has a coordination number of 6, suggesting an octahedral geometry. The ligands are three ammonia molecules and three iodide ions. Consider the possible spatial arrangements of these ligands.
Step 5: Determine the possible diastereoisomers for Ru(NH3)3I3.
With three identical ligands (NH3) and three identical ligands (I-), the complex can form facial (fac) and meridional (mer) isomers. In the fac isomer, the three identical ligands are adjacent, forming a face of the octahedron. In the mer isomer, the three identical ligands form a meridian, spanning the octahedron.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Diastereoisomers
Diastereoisomers are a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images of each other. They occur in molecules with multiple chiral centers or in coordination complexes where different arrangements of ligands can lead to distinct spatial configurations. Understanding diastereoisomers is crucial for determining the number of possible isomers for a given complex.
Coordination Complexes
Coordination complexes consist of a central metal atom bonded to surrounding ligands, which can be neutral molecules or ions. The geometry of these complexes, such as octahedral or tetrahedral arrangements, influences the types of isomers that can form. Recognizing the coordination number and geometry is essential for predicting the number of diastereoisomers.
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Coordination Complexes Example
Ligand Types and Their Influence
Ligands can be classified as monodentate, bidentate, or polydentate based on the number of donor atoms they use to bond to the metal center. The nature and arrangement of these ligands significantly affect the stereochemistry of the complex. For example, the presence of bidentate ligands can lead to more complex isomerism, including diastereoisomers.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, describe the bonding using valence bond theory. Include orbital diagrams for the free metal ion and the metal ion in the complex. Indicate which hybrid orbitals the metal ion uses for bonding, and specify the number of unpaired electrons.
(b) [Ag(NH3)2]+
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Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, assign the electrons to orbitals, and predict the number of unpaired electrons.
(b) [MnCl4]2- (tetrahedral)
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Textbook Question
Predict the number of unpaired electrons for each of the following.
(c) Mn3+
(d) Cr2+
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Textbook Question
Assign a systematic name to each of the following ions.
(c) [Fe(H2O)5NCS]2+
(d) [Cr(NH3)2(C2O4)2]-
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Textbook Question
Give a valence bond description of the bonding in each of the following complexes. Include orbital diagrams for the free metal ion and the metal ion in the complex. Indicate which hybrid orbitals the metal ion uses for bonding, and specify the number of unpaired electrons.
(b) [NiBr4]2- (tetrahedral)
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