Textbook Question
Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:
(d) Which hydrides react with water to give an acidic solution, and which give a basic solution?
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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement143
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions134
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions149
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms92
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory73
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures47
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure51
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy104
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior138
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes43
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials56
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties98
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics79
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases94
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria125
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium66
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry130
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry73
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements155
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry43
Chapter 22, Problem 22.101
Suggest a plausible structure for the silicate anion in the mineral thortveitite, Sc2Si2O7.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the chemical formula of the silicate anion in thortveitite, which is Si_2O_7^6-.
Recognize that the silicate anion Si_2O_7^6- is a type of sorosilicate, where two SiO_4 tetrahedra share one oxygen atom.
Visualize the structure: each silicon atom is at the center of a tetrahedron, and the tetrahedra are linked by sharing one oxygen atom, forming a Si-O-Si bridge.
Count the total number of oxygen atoms: each SiO_4 tetrahedron has 4 oxygen atoms, but sharing one oxygen reduces the total to 7.
Consider the charge: each SiO_4 unit has a charge of 4-, and sharing one oxygen results in a total charge of 6- for the Si_2O_7 anion.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Silicate Anions
Silicate anions are polyatomic ions composed of silicon and oxygen, typically represented as SiO4 tetrahedra. In silicates, these tetrahedra can link together in various configurations, forming chains, sheets, or three-dimensional frameworks. Understanding the arrangement of these tetrahedra is crucial for predicting the properties and structures of silicate minerals.
Thortveitite Structure
Thortveitite is a mineral that contains the silicate anion Si2O7, which consists of two SiO4 tetrahedra sharing one oxygen atom. This unique arrangement leads to a specific structural framework that influences the mineral's physical properties. Recognizing how these tetrahedra combine helps in visualizing the overall geometry of the mineral.
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Resonance Structures
Coordination and Bonding
In thortveitite, the coordination of the Scandium (Sc) ions is essential for stabilizing the silicate structure. Scandium typically exhibits a coordination number of 6, meaning it is surrounded by six oxygen atoms. Understanding the bonding and coordination in minerals is vital for predicting their stability, reactivity, and overall crystal structure.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Why are CO and CN– so toxic to humans?
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Textbook Question
Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:
(a) Write the formula of the simplest binary hydride of each element.
81
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Textbook Question
Arrange the following oxides in order of increasing basic character: Al2O3, Cs2O, K2O, N2O5.
106
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Textbook Question
Describe the structure of diborane (B2H6) and explain why the bridging B–H bonds are longer than the terminal B–H bonds.
82
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Textbook Question
Using the shorthand notation of Figure 22.9, draw the structure of the cyclic silicate anion in which four SiO4 tetrahedra share O atoms to form an eight-membered ring of alternating Si and O atoms. Give the formula and charge of the anion.
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