Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Problem 121

Chapter 3, Problem 121

Window glass is typically made by mixing soda ash (Na2CO3), limestone (CaCO3), and silica sand (SiO2) and then heating to 1500 °C to drive off CO2 from the (Na2CO3) and CaCO3. The resultant glass consists of about 12% Na2O by mass, 13% CaO by mass, and 75% SiO2 by mass. How much of each reactant would you start with to prepare 0.35 kg of glass?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Determine the mass of each component in the final glass.

Step 2: Calculate the moles of each oxide in the glass using their molar masses.

Step 3: Use stoichiometry to find the moles of each reactant needed to produce the calculated moles of oxides.

Step 4: Convert the moles of each reactant back to mass using their respective molar masses.

Step 5: Sum the masses of the reactants to ensure they add up to the total mass of the glass.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.

Video duration:

10m

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the conservation of mass. It involves using balanced chemical equations to determine the proportions of substances needed or produced in a reaction. Understanding stoichiometry is essential for determining how much of each reactant is required to produce a specific amount of product, such as glass in this case.

Mass Percent Composition

Mass percent composition refers to the percentage by mass of each component in a compound. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the individual component by the total mass of the compound and multiplying by 100. In the context of the glass composition provided, knowing the mass percent of Na2O, CaO, and SiO2 allows for the calculation of the required amounts of each reactant to achieve the desired mass of glass.

Decomposition Reactions

Decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances, often requiring heat. In the preparation of glass, heating soda ash and limestone drives off carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a key step in forming the final glass product. Understanding this process is crucial for determining how much of the original reactants is needed to account for the loss of mass during the reaction.

Recommended video:

Guided course

01:30

Alcohol Reactions: Dehydration Reactions

Related Practice

Textbook Question

An unidentified metal M reacts with an unidentified halogen X to form a compound MX2. When heated, the compound decomposes by the reaction: When 1.12 g of MX2 is heated, 0.720 g of MX is obtained, along with 56.0 mL of X2 gas. Under the conditions used, 1.00 mol of the gas has a volume of 22.41 L.(a) What is the atomic weight and identity of the halogen X?

517

views

Textbook Question

A copper wire having a mass of 2.196 g was allowed to react with an excess of sulfur. The excess sulfur was then burned, yielding SO₂ gas. The mass of the copper sulfide produced was 2.748 g. (b) What is its empirical formula?

550

views

Textbook Question

Ammonium nitrate, a potential ingredient of terrorist bombs, can be made nonexplosive by addition of diammo-nium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4. Analysis of such a NH4NO3 - (NH4)2HPO4 mixture showed the mass percent of nitrogen to be 30.43%. What is the mass ratio of the two components in the mixture?

720

views

Textbook Question

(b) If the molecular weight is 326.26, what is the molecular formula?

429

views

Textbook Question

Ethylene glycol, commonly used as automobile antifreeze, contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion analysis of a 23.46 mg sample yields 20.42 mg of H2O and 33.27 mg of CO2. What is the empirical formula of ethylene glycol? What is its molecular formula if it has a molecular weight of 62.0?

1265

views

rank