Textbook Question
What bond angles do you expect for each of the following? (d) The O¬B¬O angle in BO33-
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Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement143
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions134
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions149
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms92
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory73
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures47
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure51
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy104
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior138
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes43
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials56
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties98
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics79
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases94
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria125
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium66
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry130
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry73
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements155
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry43
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular StructureProblem 40
McMurry 8th EditionCh.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular StructureProblem 40Chapter 8, Problem 40
How many charge clouds are there around the central atom in molecules that have the following geometry?(a) Tetrahedral (b) Octahedral(c) Bent (d) Linear(e) Square pyramidal (f) Trigonal pyramidal
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the central atom in each molecular geometry and consider all regions of electron density (bonds and lone pairs) around it as charge clouds.
For a tetrahedral geometry, recognize that it involves four bonds and no lone pairs on the central atom, resulting in four charge clouds.
In an octahedral geometry, note that there are six bonds and no lone pairs on the central atom, leading to six charge clouds.
Consider a bent molecular geometry, which typically arises from a trigonal planar arrangement with one lone pair or a tetrahedral arrangement with two lone pairs. Count the total number of bonds and lone pairs to determine the charge clouds.
For linear and square pyramidal geometries, count the number of bonds and lone pairs around the central atom. Linear typically has two charge clouds (two bonds or one bond and one lone pair), while square pyramidal has five bonds and no lone pairs, resulting in five charge clouds.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
VSEPR Theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom. According to this theory, electron pairs, whether bonding or lone pairs, will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes.
Recommended video:
Guided course
02:13
Molecular Shapes and VSEPR
Electron Cloud
An electron cloud refers to the regions around a central atom where electrons are likely to be found. In the context of molecular geometry, each region of electron density, including bonding pairs and lone pairs, is considered a 'charge cloud' that influences the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry describes the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Different geometries, such as tetrahedral, octahedral, bent, linear, square pyramidal, and trigonal pyramidal, arise from the number and arrangement of charge clouds around the central atom, affecting the molecule's shape and properties.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:33Molecular Geometry with Two Electron Groups
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Two dichloroethylene molecules with the same chemical formula 1C2H2Cl22, but different arrangements of atoms are shown. (b) Which form of dichloroethylene has a dipole moment of 2.39 D, and which has a dipole moment of 0.00 D?
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Textbook Question
Like cyclohexane (Problem 8.54), benzene also contains a sixmembered ring of carbon atoms, but it is flat rather than puckered. Explain, and predict the values of the C¬C¬C bond angles.
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Textbook Question
A potential replacement for the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants that harm the Earth's protective ozone layer is a compound called E143a, or trifluoromethyl methyl ether, F3COCH3. Draw an electron-dot structure for F3COCH3, and predict the geometry around both the carbons and the oxygen.
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Textbook Question
What geometric arrangement of charge clouds do you expect for atoms that have the following number of charge clouds? (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 6
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Textbook Question
What shape do you expect for molecules that meet the following descriptions? (a) A central atom with two lone pairs and three bonds to other atoms (b) A central atom with two lone pairs and two bonds to other atoms (c) A central atom with two lone pairs and four bonds to other atoms
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