Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium

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Tro 5th Edition

Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium

Problem 54

For the reaction shown here, K_c = 255 at 1000 K. CO(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ COCl₂(g) If a reaction mixture initially contains a CO concentration of 0.1500 M and a Cl₂ concentration of 0.175 M at 1000 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of CO, Cl₂, and COCl₂ at 1000 K?

Problem 56

Consider the reaction: CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) Kc = 102 at 500 K. If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.110 M CO and 0.110 M H2O, what will the equilibrium concentration of each of the reactants and products be?

Problem 57

Consider the reaction: HC₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + C₂H₃O₂^-(aq) K_c = 1.8⨉10^-5 at 25°C If a solution initially contains 0.210 M HC₂H₃O₂, what is the equilibrium concentration of H₃O⁺ at 25 °C?

Problem 58

Consider the reaction: SO₂Cl₂(g) ⇌ SO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) K_c = 2.99⨉10^-7 at 227 °C If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.175 M SO₂Cl₂, what is the equilibrium concentration of Cl₂ at 227 °C?

Problem 59

Consider the reaction: Br2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2BrCl(g) with Kp = 1.11 * 10^-4 at 150 K. A reaction mixture initially contains a Br2 partial pressure of 755 torr and a Cl2 partial pressure of 735 torr at 150 K. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of BrCl.

Problem 61

Consider the reaction: A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g) Find the equilibrium concentrations of A, B, and C for each value of K_c. Assume that the initial concentration of A in each case is 1.0 M and that the reaction mixture initially contains no products. Make any appropriate simplifying assumptions. b. K_c = 0.010

Problem 62

Consider the reaction: A(g) ⇌ 2B(g). Find the equilibrium partial pressures of A and B for each value of Kp. Assume that the initial partial pressure of B in each case is 1.0 atm and that the initial partial pressure of A is 0.0 atm. Make any appropriate simplifying assumptions. a. Kp = 1.0 b. Kp = 1.0 × 10^-4 c. Kp = 1.0 × 10^5.

Problem 64a

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. NO is added to the reaction mixture.

Problem 64b

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. b. BrNO is added to the reaction mixture.

Problem 64c

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. c. Br₂is removed from the reaction mixture.

Problem 66a

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: C(s) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. C is added to the reaction mixture. b. H₂O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture. Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. c. CO is added to the reaction mixture. d. H₂ is removed from the reaction mixture.

Problem 67b

Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. a. I₂( g) ⇌ 2 I( g) (volume is increased) b. 2 H₂S( g) ⇌ 2 H₂( g) + S₂(g) (volume is decreased) c. I₂(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ 2 ICl(g) (volume is decreased)

Problem 68a

Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. a. CO(g) + H₂O( g) ⇌ CO₂(g) + H₂(g) (volume is decreased)

Problem 68b

Problem 69

This reaction is endothermic. C(s) + CO₂(g) ⇌ 2 CO(g) Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of increasing and decreasing the reaction temperature. How does the value of the equilibrium constant depend on temperature?

Problem 71b

Coal, which is primarily carbon, can be converted to natural gas, primarily CH₄, by the exothermic reaction: C(s) + 2 H₂(g) ⇌ CH₄(g) Which disturbance will favor CH₄ at equilibrium?

a. adding more C to the reaction mixture b. adding more H₂ to the reaction mixture d. lowering the volume of the reaction mixture f. adding neon gas to the reaction mixture

Problem 71c

Coal, which is primarily carbon, can be converted to natural gas, primarily CH₄, by the exothermic reaction: C(s) + 2 H₂(g) ⇌ CH₄(g) Which disturbance will favor CH₄ at equilibrium? c. raising the temperature of the reaction mixture

Problem 73

Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in oxygenated hemoglobin according to the reaction: HbO₂(aq) + CO(aq) ⇌ HbCO(aq) + O₂(aq) a. Use the reactions and associated equilibrium constants at body temperature given here to find the equilibrium constant for the reaction just shown. Hb(aq) + O₂(aq) ⇌ HbO₂(aq) K_c = 1.8 Hb(aq) + CO(aq) ⇌ HbCO(aq) K_c = 306

Problem 75

The reaction CO2(g) + C(s) ⇌ 2 CO(g) has Kp = 5.78 at 1200 K. a. Calculate the total pressure at equilibrium when 4.45 g of CO2 is introduced into a 10.0-L container and heated to 1200 K in the presence of 2.00 g of graphite. b. Repeat the calculation of part a in the presence of 0.50 g of graphite.

Problem 77

At 650 K, the reaction MgCO₃(s) ⇌ MgO(s) + CO₂(g) has K_p = 0.026. A 10.0-L container at 650 K has 1.0 g of MgO(s) and CO₂ at P = 0.0260 atm. The container is then compressed to a volume of 0.100 L. Find the mass of MgCO₃ that is formed.

Problem 78

A system at equilibrium contains I2(g) at a pressure of 0.21 atm and I(g) at a pressure of 0.23 atm. The system is then compressed to half its volume. Find the pressure of each gas when the system returns to equilibrium.

Problem 80

Consider the endothermic reaction: C₂H₄(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₄I₂(g) If you were trying to maximize the amount of C₂H₄I₂produced, which tactic might you try? Assume that the reaction mixture reaches equilibrium. a. decreasing the reaction volume b. removing I₂ from the reaction mixture c. raising the reaction temperature d. adding C₂H₄ to the reaction mixture

Problem 82

Is the question asking for something specific about the reaction: 2 H2S(g) + SO2(g) ⇌ 3 S(s) + 2 H2O(g)?

Problem 83

Is Ammonia synthesized according to the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) with Kp = 5.3 * 10^-5 at 725K?

Problem 87

At 70 K, CCl4 decomposes to carbon and chlorine. The Kp for the decomposition is 0.76. Find the starting pressure of CCl4 at this temperature that will produce a total pressure of 1.0 atm at equilibrium.

Problem 91

Carbon monoxide and chlorine gas react to form phosgene: CO(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ COCl₂(g) K_p = 3.10 at 700 K If a reaction mixture initially contains 215 torr of CO and 245 torr of Cl₂, what is the mole fraction of COCl₂when equilibrium is reached?