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- What is the name and formula of the compound commonly used in the manufacture of glass to increase the index of refraction?
Problem 6
Problem 27
An X-ray beam with λ = 154 pm incident on the surface of a crystal produced a maximum reflection at an angle of θ = 28.3°. Assuming n = 1, calculate the separation between layers of atoms in the crystal.
- An X-ray beam of unknown wavelength is diffracted from a NaCl surface. If the interplanar distance in the crystal is 286 pm, and the angle of maximum reflection is found to be 7.23°, what is the wavelength of the X-ray beam? (Assume n = 1.)
Problem 29
Problem 31a
Determine the number of atoms per unit cell for each metal.
(a) Polonium
Problem 31b
Determine the number of atoms per unit cell for each metal.
(b) Tungsten
- What is the packing efficiency of a body-centered cubic unit cell?
Problem 33
- What is the packing efficiency of a face-centered cubic unit cell? Please show your work.
Problem 34
Problem 35
Platinum crystallizes with the face-centered cubic unit cell. The radius of a platinum atom is 139 pm. Calculate the edge length of the unit cell and the density of platinum in g/cm3.
Problem 36
Molybdenum crystallizes with the body-centered unit cell. The radius of a molybdenum atom is 136 pm. Calculate the edge length of the unit cell and the density of molybdenum
Problem 39
Rhodium has a density of 12.41 g/cm3 and crystallizes with the face-centered cubic unit cell. Calculate the radius of a rhodium atom.
Problem 41
Plonium crystallizes with a simple cubic structure. It has a density of 9.3 g/cm3, a radius of 167 pm, and a molar mass of 209 g/mol. Use these data to calculate Avogadro's number (the number of atoms in one mole).
- Palladium crystallizes with a face-centered cubic structure. It has a density of 12.0 g/cm³, a radius of 138 pm, and a molar mass of 106.42 g/mol. Use these data to calculate Avogadro's number.
Problem 42
Problem 44a
Identify each solid as molecular, ionic, or atomic. a. Ru(s)
Problem 44b
Identify each solid as molecular, ionic, or atomic. b. H2O(s)
Problem 44d
Identify each solid as molecular, ionic, or atomic. d. Xe(s)
Problem 46
Which solid has the highest melting point? Why? C(s, diamond), Kr(s), NaCl(s), H2O(s)
Problem 47c
Which solid in each pair has the higher melting point and why?
a. TiO2(s) or HOOH(s)
b. CCl4(s) or SiCl4(s)
c. Kr(s) or Xe(s)
Problem 47d
Which solid in each pair has the higher melting point and why? d. NaCl(s) or CaO(s)
Problem 48d
Which solid in each pair has the higher melting point and why?
a. Fe(s) or CCl4(s)
b. KCl(s) or HCl(s)
c. Ti(s) or Ne(s)
d. H2O(s) or H2S(s)
Problem 54
Identify the structure of each of the two unit cells shown in Problem 52 as the rock salt structure, zinc blende structure, fluorite structure, antifluorite structure, or none of these.
Problem 57a
Classify each of the following as a component of a silicate ceramic, an oxide ceramic, or a nonoxide ceramic. a. B4C
Problem 57b
Classify each of the following as a component of a silicate ceramic, an oxide ceramic, or a nonoxide ceramic. b. Mg2SiO4
- What is the oxidation state of each element in the compound Ca3SiO5?
Problem 61
- What is the oxidation state of each element in the compound Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 formed by replacing aluminum ions in kaolinite with magnesium ions?
Problem 62
Problem 63
Which solid would you expect to have little or no band gap? a. Cu(s) b. Si(s) c. As(s)
Problem 64
Which solid would you expect to have the largest band gap? a. As(s) b. Sb(s) c. Bi(s)
Problem 65
How many molecular orbitals are present in the conduction band of a sodium crystal with a mass of 3.67 g?
Problem 67
A substance has a band gap of 5.8 eV at 273 K. Is this substance best classified as an insulator, a semiconductor, or a metal?
Problem 70b
Indicate if each solid forms an n-type or a p-type semiconductor. b. germanium doped with gallium
Problem 71
Does a photon of red light with a frequency of 4.29⨉1014 Hz have sufficient energy to promote an electron from the valence band to the conduction band in a sample of silicon (the band gap in silicon is 1.11 eV)?