Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

11. Translation

Translation

Genetics

11. Translation

Translation

Previous problemNext problem

2:15 minutes

Problem 39k

Textbook Question

Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.

What process(es) are illustrated in the diagram?

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the diagram carefully. The image illustrates a process involving DNA (labeled A), mRNA (labeled C), ribosomes (labeled D), and polypeptide chains (labeled F and G). This suggests the diagram is depicting transcription and translation.

Identify the first part of the process. The DNA (A) is being transcribed into mRNA (C) by the enzyme RNA polymerase (labeled B). This is the transcription phase, where the genetic information in DNA is converted into a complementary RNA sequence.

Focus on the second part of the process. The mRNA (C) is interacting with ribosomes (D), which are facilitating the translation process. Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides (F and G) based on the sequence of codons in the mRNA.

Note the role of ribosomes (D). Ribosomes are responsible for reading the mRNA sequence and assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains (F and G) using tRNA molecules. This is a key step in protein synthesis.

Summarize the processes illustrated. The diagram shows two major processes in gene expression: transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to polypeptide chains). These processes are essential for converting genetic information into functional proteins.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Video duration:

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Translation

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template. During this process, the ribosome reads the sequence of codons in the mRNA, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. This is a crucial step in gene expression, converting genetic information into functional proteins.

mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. It is transcribed from the DNA template during transcription and contains codons that specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein. The structure of mRNA is linear and single-stranded, allowing it to be translated into proteins.

Ribosome

Ribosomes are complex molecular machines found within all living cells that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins. They consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, forming two subunits that come together during protein synthesis. Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and coordinate the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides, making them essential for cellular function and growth.

Watch next

Master Translation initiation with a bite sized video explanation from Kylia

Start learning

Related Videos

Related Practice

Textbook Question

In terms of the polycistronic composition of mRNAs and the presence or absence of Shine–Dalgarno sequences, compare and contrast bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic mRNAs.

506

views

Textbook Question

Organisms of all three domains of life usually use the mRNA codon AUG as the start codon.

Despite AUG being the most common start codon sequence, very few proteins have methionine as the first amino acid. Why is this the case?

317

views

Textbook Question

Organisms of all three domains of life usually use the mRNA codon AUG as the start codon.

Do organisms of the three domains use the same amino acid as the initial amino acid in translation? Identify similarities and differences.

538

views

Textbook Question

Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.

Does the diagram depict molecular activity in a bacterium or a eukaryote? Explain the reasoning for your answer.

464

views

Textbook Question

Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.

Which end of the polypeptide is closest to G?

525

views

Textbook Question

Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.

Indicate where fMet is located in the string to the right of G.

391

views

Textbook Question

Answer the following questions about the accompanying diagram.

What name is given to the object looking like a string of beads that is closest to F?

493

views

Textbook Question

For the sequences given in the following list, indicate whether DNA replication, transcription, pre-mRNA processing, or translation will be most immediately affected by deletion of the sequence. As precisely as you can, specify what step of the process is directly affected by the deletion.

a. start codon

b. TATA box

c. 5' splice site

d. ori sequence

e. -10 consensus sequence

f. Shine–Dalgarno sequence

g. 5' cap

h. termination sequence

543

views

Show more practices