Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Monohybrid Cross

Genetics

2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Monohybrid Cross

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1:18 minutes

Problem 12b

Textbook Question

Using the information provided in Problems 10 and 11, determine the genotype and phenotype of parents that produce the following progeny:
3/8 black : 3/8 cream : 2/8 albino

Verified step by step guidance

Analyze the phenotypic ratio of the progeny (3/8 black : 3/8 cream : 2/8 albino) and determine if it corresponds to a specific genetic inheritance pattern, such as dihybrid crosses or epistasis.

Assign symbols to the alleles for the traits involved. For example, let 'B' and 'b' represent one gene pair, and 'C' and 'c' represent another gene pair. Define the phenotypes associated with each genotype (e.g., BB or Bb = black, bb = cream, cc = albino).

Use the phenotypic ratio to infer the genotypes of the parents. For example, if the ratio suggests a dihybrid cross with epistasis, the parents might be heterozygous for both genes (e.g., BbCc x BbCc).

Set up a Punnett square for the parental genotypes to confirm that the expected phenotypic ratio matches the observed progeny ratio. Include all possible combinations of alleles and their corresponding phenotypes.

Verify that the calculated phenotypic ratio from the Punnett square (e.g., 3/8 black : 3/8 cream : 2/8 albino) matches the observed progeny ratio. Adjust the parental genotypes if necessary to achieve consistency.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Genotype

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, specifically the alleles it possesses for a particular trait. In this context, understanding the genotype is crucial for determining how specific combinations of alleles can lead to the observed phenotypic ratios in the progeny. For example, if black and cream are dominant traits, the genotypes of the parents must reflect this dominance to produce the given ratios.

Phenotype

Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both its genotype and environmental influences. In the question, the phenotypic ratios of black, cream, and albino progeny indicate how the traits are expressed. Analyzing these ratios helps infer the possible genotypes of the parents that could yield such offspring.

Punnett Square

A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a cross between two parents. It allows for the visualization of how alleles segregate and combine during reproduction. By setting up a Punnett Square with the potential genotypes of the parents, one can calculate the expected phenotypic ratios, which is essential for solving the problem presented.

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Textbook Question

Using the information provided in Problems 10 and 11, determine the genotype and phenotype of parents that produce the following progeny:

3/4 brown : 1/4 yellow

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Textbook Question

A male mouse with brown fur color is mated to two different female mice with black fur. Black female 1 produces a litter of 9 black and 7 brown pups. Black female 2 produces 14 black pups.

Choose symbols for each allele, and identify the genotypes of the brown male and the two black females.

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Textbook Question

A male mouse with brown fur color is mated to two different female mice with black fur. Black female 1 produces a litter of 9 black and 7 brown pups. Black female 2 produces 14 black pups.

What is the mode of inheritance of black and brown fur color in mice?

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Textbook Question

Using the information provided in Problems 10 and 11, determine the genotype and phenotype of parents that produce the following progeny:

27/64 brown : 16/64 albino : 9/64 yellow : 9/64 black : 3/64 cream

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Textbook Question

Using the information provided in Problems 10 and 11, determine the genotype and phenotype of parents that produce the following progeny:

9/16 brown : 3/16 black : 4/16 albino

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You have isolated two petite mutants, pet1 and pet2, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When pet1 is mated with wild-type yeast, the haploid products following meiosis segregate 2:2 (wild type : petite). In contrast, when pet2 is mated with wild type, all haploid products following meiosis are wild type. To what class of petite mutations does each of these petite mutants belong? What types of progeny do you expect from a pet1 × pet2 mating?

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Textbook Question

With reference to the eye color phenotypes produced by the recessive, autosomal, unlinked brown and scarlet loci in Drosophila, predict the F₁ and F₂ results of the following P₁ crosses. (Recall that when both the brown and scarlet alleles are homozygous, no pigment is produced, and the eyes are white.)

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