Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Monohybrid Cross

Genetics

2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Monohybrid Cross

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2:38 minutes

Problem 12b

Textbook Question

A male mouse with brown fur color is mated to two different female mice with black fur. Black female 1 produces a litter of 9 black and 7 brown pups. Black female 2 produces 14 black pups.
Choose symbols for each allele, and identify the genotypes of the brown male and the two black females.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Define the symbols for the alleles. Let 'B' represent the dominant allele for black fur and 'b' represent the recessive allele for brown fur. Black fur is dominant over brown fur.

Step 2: Analyze the offspring from Black Female 1. The litter consists of 9 black and 7 brown pups. This indicates that Black Female 1 must be heterozygous (Bb), as she produces both black and brown offspring when mated with the brown male.

Step 3: Determine the genotype of the brown male. Since the male mouse has brown fur, he must be homozygous recessive (bb), as brown fur is recessive and requires two copies of the 'b' allele.

Step 4: Analyze the offspring from Black Female 2. The litter consists of 14 black pups and no brown pups. This suggests that Black Female 2 is homozygous dominant (BB), as she only produces black offspring regardless of the male's genotype.

Step 5: Summarize the genotypes: The brown male is bb, Black Female 1 is Bb, and Black Female 2 is BB. These genotypes explain the observed offspring ratios in the litters.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel. It involves understanding dominant and recessive alleles, where dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive ones. This framework helps predict offspring traits based on parental genotypes.

Alleles and Genotypes

Alleles are different forms of a gene that determine specific traits, such as fur color in mice. Each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent, which together form the genotype. The genotype influences the phenotype, or observable traits, of the organism.

Punnett Squares

Punnett squares are a tool used in genetics to predict the probability of offspring genotypes from parental genotypes. By organizing the possible allele combinations from each parent, Punnett squares help visualize the inheritance patterns and determine the expected ratios of different phenotypes in the offspring.

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