Multiple Choice
In the context of types of mutations, which term best describes a mutation that has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the protein?
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17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination
Types of Mutations
Multiple Choice
In the context of types of mutations, which mutation most directly stops translation of an mRNA by introducing a premature stop codon?
A
Missense mutation
B
Nonsense mutation
C
Silent (synonymous) mutation
D
In-frame insertion (multiple of 3 nucleotides)
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the types of mutations and their effects on the protein sequence: a missense mutation changes one amino acid, a silent mutation does not change the amino acid, and an in-frame insertion adds amino acids without disrupting the reading frame.
Recall that translation of mRNA into protein stops when a stop codon is encountered, which signals the ribosome to terminate protein synthesis.
Identify that a nonsense mutation is a point mutation that changes a codon encoding an amino acid into a stop codon, causing premature termination of translation.
Compare the effects of each mutation type on translation: only the nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon that directly stops translation early.
Conclude that the mutation type that most directly stops translation by introducing a premature stop codon is the nonsense mutation.
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