Textbook Question
What are the functions of lncRNAs in epigenetic regulation? Describe each in detail.
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13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
Epigenetics, Chromatin Modifications, and Regulation
1:44 minutesProblem 13
Textbook Question
What are the differences and similarities among the three classes of monoallelic gene expression?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Define monoallelic gene expression as the phenomenon where only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced, which can occur in different contexts and mechanisms.
Step 2: Identify the three main classes of monoallelic gene expression: genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and random monoallelic expression of autosomal genes.
Step 3: Explain genomic imprinting as a parent-of-origin specific expression where either the maternal or paternal allele is epigenetically silenced, leading to expression from only one parental allele.
Step 4: Describe X-chromosome inactivation as a process in female mammals where one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell to balance gene dosage between males and females.
Step 5: Discuss random monoallelic expression of autosomal genes, where one allele is randomly chosen for expression in each cell, independent of parental origin, leading to cellular mosaicism.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Monoallelic Gene Expression
Monoallelic gene expression occurs when only one allele of a gene is actively transcribed while the other allele is silenced. This selective expression can influence cellular diversity and gene regulation, playing a key role in processes like immune response and development.
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Types of Monoallelic Expression
The three main classes are random monoallelic expression, genomic imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Random monoallelic expression occurs stochastically in autosomal genes, imprinting involves parent-of-origin specific expression, and X-inactivation silences one X chromosome in females to balance gene dosage.
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Mechanisms and Biological Significance
Each class uses distinct epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications to maintain allele-specific expression. These mechanisms ensure proper development, dosage compensation, and immune diversity, highlighting both shared and unique regulatory strategies among the classes.
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