Describe Mendel's conclusions about how traits are passed from generation to generation.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
Mendel's Experiments and Laws
Problem 1c
Textbook Question
Draw a diagram illustrating the alleles on homologous chromosomes for the genotypes given, assuming in each case that the genes reside on the chromosome in the order written.
DFg/DFG

1
Start by understanding the genotype provided: DFg/DFG. This represents two homologous chromosomes, each carrying alleles for three genes (D, F, and G) in a specific order. The slash (/) separates the alleles on the two homologous chromosomes.
Draw two parallel lines to represent the homologous chromosomes. Label the top chromosome with the alleles 'D', 'F', and 'g' in that order, and the bottom chromosome with the alleles 'D', 'F', and 'G' in the same order. This visually represents the genotype DFg/DFG.
For part (a), ensure that the alleles are aligned correctly on the homologous chromosomes. The gene order (D, F, G) must be consistent across both chromosomes, as specified in the problem.
For part (b), consider whether the alleles are in a heterozygous or homozygous state. In this case, the 'g' and 'G' alleles are different, indicating heterozygosity for the G gene, while the D and F alleles are homozygous.
For part (c), confirm that the diagram accurately reflects the genotype DFg/DFG. Ensure that the alleles are clearly labeled and that the homologous chromosomes are drawn parallel to each other to illustrate their relationship.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Alleles
Alleles are different versions of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. In the context of genetics, alleles can be dominant or recessive, influencing the phenotype of an organism. Understanding how alleles interact is crucial for predicting genetic outcomes in offspring.
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Homologous Chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and gene sequence but may carry different alleles. Each parent contributes one chromosome to the pair, and they align during meiosis for genetic recombination. Recognizing the arrangement of alleles on these chromosomes is essential for visualizing genetic inheritance.
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Chromosome Structure
Genotype and Phenotype
The genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene, while the phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics resulting from the genotype. Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is key to predicting traits in offspring based on parental alleles.
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