Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

7. DNA and Chromosome Structure

Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure

Genetics

7. DNA and Chromosome Structure

Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure

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2:09 minutes

Problem 3a

Textbook Question

In eukaryotic DNA, where are you most likely to find histone protein H4?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that histone proteins, including H4, are part of the nucleosome structure in eukaryotic DNA. Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin, which help in DNA packaging.

Recall that a nucleosome consists of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. This core is made up of two copies each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

Recognize that histone H4 is one of the core histones and is located in the nucleosome core, where it interacts with DNA and other histones to stabilize the structure.

Note that histone H4 is specifically involved in forming the histone octamer and plays a role in the tight wrapping of DNA around the nucleosome.

Conclude that histone H4 is most likely to be found in the nucleosome core, tightly associated with DNA in eukaryotic chromatin.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Eukaryotic DNA Structure

Eukaryotic DNA is organized into a complex structure known as chromatin, which consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. This organization allows for efficient packaging of DNA within the nucleus and plays a crucial role in gene regulation and expression.

Histone Proteins

Histone proteins are a family of basic proteins that help package and order DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. Each nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins, including H4, which is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of chromatin.

Nucleosome Formation

Nucleosomes are the fundamental units of chromatin, formed by the wrapping of DNA around a histone octamer, which includes two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. This formation is critical for DNA compaction and regulation, as it influences access to genetic information during processes like transcription and replication.

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Textbook Question

The human genome contains 2.9×10⁹ base pairs. Approximately how many nucleosomes are required to organize the 10-nm–fiber structure of the human genome? Show the calculation you use to determine the answer.

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Textbook Question

In eukaryotic DNA, how does the role of H1 differ from the role of H3 in chromatin formation?

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Textbook Question

In eukaryotic DNA, along a 6000-bp segment of DNA, approximately how many molecules of each kind of histone protein do you expect to find? Explain your answer.

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Textbook Question

In eukaryotic DNA, where are you most likely to find histone protein H1?

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Textbook Question

Describe the importance of light and dark G bands that appear along chromosomes.

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Textbook Question

Describe the structure of giant polytene chromosomes and how they arise.