Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Heterozygosity
Heterozygosity refers to the presence of two different alleles at a specific gene locus. In the context of albinism, if a woman is heterozygous, she has one normal allele (for pigment production) and one recessive allele (for albinism). This genetic makeup influences the types of gametes she can produce, specifically affecting the expression of traits in offspring.
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Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance occurs when a trait is expressed only when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. In the case of albinism, an individual must inherit the recessive allele from both parents to exhibit the condition. If only one recessive allele is present, the dominant allele will mask its effect, leading to normal pigmentation.
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Gamete Formation and Allele Distribution
During gamete formation, specifically through meiosis, alleles segregate so that each gamete receives only one allele from each gene pair. For a heterozygous individual (e.g., Aa), the gametes will carry either the dominant allele (A) or the recessive allele (a) in equal proportions, resulting in 50% of the gametes carrying the allele for pigment expression, not 75%.
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