Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Haploid and Diploid Cells
In Drosophila melanogaster, sperm cells are haploid, meaning they contain one set of chromosomes, which corresponds to approximately 0.18 picogram of DNA. In contrast, somatic cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes. Primary spermatocytes, which are the precursor cells to sperm, are also diploid and thus have double the DNA content of sperm cells.
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Cell Cycle Phases
The cell cycle consists of several phases, including G1, S, G2, and M. During the G1 phase, somatic cells have a diploid DNA content, which is the same as that of primary spermatocytes. However, during the S phase, DNA replication occurs, doubling the DNA content in preparation for mitosis, which is reflected in the DNA content at metaphase.
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DNA Content at Different Stages
The nuclear DNA content varies depending on the cell type and its stage in the cell cycle. In Drosophila, a primary spermatocyte has a DNA content of approximately 0.36 picograms (double that of a sperm cell). Somatic cells in the G1 phase also have this diploid content, while at metaphase, the DNA content remains the same as in G2, reflecting the replicated state of the chromosomes.
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