Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

10. Transcription

Transcription in Eukaryotes

Genetics

10. Transcription

Transcription in Eukaryotes

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1:31 minutes

Problem 7a

Textbook Question

The DNA sequences shown below are from the promoter regions of six bacterial genes. In each case, the last nucleotide in the sequence (highlighted in blue) is the nucleotide that initiates transcription. Examine these sequences and identify the Pribnow box sequence at approximately -10 for each promoter.

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the DNA sequences provided and locate the transcription start site, which is the nucleotide highlighted in blue. This is the +1 position.

Count 10 nucleotides upstream from the +1 position to identify the approximate -10 region for each promoter sequence.

Focus on the -10 region and compare the sequences to the consensus Pribnow box sequence, which is typically TATAAT. Look for similarities in the nucleotide arrangement.

Identify the most conserved sequence in the -10 region for each promoter, as this is likely to be the Pribnow box sequence.

Document the identified Pribnow box sequence for each promoter, ensuring that it aligns with the expected location and consensus sequence characteristics.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Promoter Regions

Promoter regions are specific sequences of DNA located upstream of a gene that signal the start of transcription. They contain essential elements that are recognized by RNA polymerase and transcription factors, facilitating the binding of the transcription machinery. In bacteria, these regions are crucial for the regulation of gene expression.

Pribnow Box

The Pribnow box, also known as the -10 region, is a conserved sequence found in bacterial promoters, typically consisting of the consensus sequence 'TATAAT'. It is located approximately 10 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site and plays a critical role in the initiation of transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

Transcription Initiation

Transcription initiation is the process by which RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a gene and begins synthesizing RNA. This step is crucial for gene expression, as it determines whether a gene will be transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and subsequently translated into a protein. The correct identification of promoter elements, such as the Pribnow box, is essential for successful transcription initiation.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:

3'-AUCGUCAUGCAGA-5'

Identify the direction in which the promoter region for this gene will be located.

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Textbook Question

The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:

3'-AUCGUCAUGCAGA-5'

Write out the sequence and polarity of the DNA duplex that encodes this mRNA segment. Label the template and coding DNA strands.

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Textbook Question

The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:

3'-AUCGUCAUGCAGA-5'

During transcription, was the adenine at the left-hand side of the sequence the first or the last nucleotide used to build the portion of mRNA shown? Explain how you know.

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Textbook Question

Compare and contrast the properties of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase, listing at least three similarities and at least three differences between the molecules.

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Textbook Question

What is the role of enhancer sequences in transcription of eukaryotic genes? Speculate about why enhancers are not part of transcription of bacterial genes.

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Textbook Question

Describe the difference between introns and exons.

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Textbook Question

For a eukaryotic gene whose transcription requires the activity of an enhancer sequence, explain how proteins bound at the enhancer interact with RNA pol II and transcription factors bound at the promoter.

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Textbook Question

Three genes identified in the diagram as A, B, and C are transcribed from a region of DNA. The 5'-to-3' transcription of genes A and C elongates mRNA in the right-to-left direction, and transcription of gene B elongates mRNA in the left-to-right direction. For each gene, identify the coding strand by designating it as an 'upper strand' or 'lower strand' in the diagram.

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