Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell with 2n = 8 undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis)

Question 5

If a human cell (2n = 46) undergoes meiosis, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment alone?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is considered the most important for determining whether a cell will proceed to divide?

Accepted Answer

G$$_1$$ checkpoint

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in an animal cell. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell will fail to divide its cytoplasm, resulting in a binucleate cell.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains how crossing over during meiosis increases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

It exchanges genetic material between non-sister chromatids, creating new allele combinations.

Question 9

In a plant cell, what structure forms during cytokinesis to separate the two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 10

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, each consisting of two sister chromatids. Which stage is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes a structure consisting of two identical DNA molecules joined at a centromere?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids

Question 12

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 14

A diploid cell with 2n = 6 undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It holds sister chromatids together and attaches to spindle fibers.

Question 16

A geneticist observes a cell with chromosomes arranged as tetrads. Which process is this cell undergoing?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 17

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 18

In humans, what is the result of fertilization between two gametes?

Accepted Answer

A diploid zygote

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why meiosis, but not mitosis, leads to genetic diversity in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by nondisjunction during meiosis II. Which of the following best describes what happened during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids failed to separate during meiosis II.

Mitosis and Meiosis: Essentials of Genetics (Klug et al., Chapter 2) - Study Notes

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