Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the TATA box in eukaryotic transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

It is a promoter element that helps position RNA polymerase II at the correct transcription start site.

Question 2

During transcription elongation, RNA polymerase II synthesizes RNA in which direction?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3' direction

Question 3

Which of the following modifications is added to the 5' end of eukaryotic pre-mRNA during processing?

Accepted Answer

7-methylguanosine cap

Question 4

A mutation eliminates the polyadenylation signal ($$AAUAAA) $$from a gene. What is the most likely consequence for the mRNA produced from this gene?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will not be properly cleaved at the 3' end and will lack a poly(A) tail, leading to instability.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about introns and exons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Introns are non-coding sequences that are removed from pre-mRNA during splicing.

Question 6

A researcher discovers a mutation that disrupts the 5' splice site ($$GU) of an $$intron. What is the most likely effect on mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

The intron will be retained in the mature mRNA, potentially disrupting translation.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Initiation → Elongation → Termination

Question 8

Alternative splicing allows for which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The production of multiple structurally related proteins from a single gene.

Question 9

Which codon serves as the universal start codon for translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$AUG$$

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation that introduces a premature stop codon ($$UAG) in $$the coding region of a gene. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate early, resulting in a truncated protein.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the 5' cap is important for mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from degradation and is required for translation initiation.

Question 12

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the poly(A) tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Initiates translation by binding the ribosome

Question 14

A gene contains three exons and two introns. After transcription and proper RNA processing, how many exons will be present in the mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enhancer sequences in transcription?

Accepted Answer

They increase the rate of transcription by binding activator proteins.

Question 16

If a mutation prevents the binding of poly(A)-binding proteins (PABP) to the poly(A) tail, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be more susceptible to degradation by exonucleases.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of the template and coding strands during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction to synthesize RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons together.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a gene with a mutation in the branch point of an intron. What is the most likely effect on mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Splicing will be impaired, and the intron may not be removed.

Transcription and Translation: Mechanisms and Regulation in Eukaryotes

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