Textbook Question
To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires at least four specific recognition sites that must be inherent in its tertiary structure. What are they?
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Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 13, Problem 11
Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of two α and two β chains. What level of protein structure is described in this statement?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Recall that the primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a single polypeptide chain.
Understand that the secondary structure involves local folding patterns such as alpha helices and beta sheets within a single chain.
Recognize that the tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain.
Note that the quaternary structure describes the assembly of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) into a functional protein complex, such as hemoglobin's two α and two β chains.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Protein Structure Levels
Proteins have four structural levels: primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (local folding like alpha-helices and beta-sheets), tertiary (3D folding of a single polypeptide), and quaternary (assembly of multiple polypeptide chains). Understanding these levels helps identify the organization described in a protein.
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05:05
Proteins
Quaternary Structure
Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) in a multi-subunit protein. Hemoglobin’s composition of two α and two β chains exemplifies quaternary structure, where separate polypeptides form a functional complex.
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03:49Ribosome Structure
Hemoglobin Structure
Hemoglobin is a classic example of a protein with quaternary structure, composed of four subunits: two alpha and two beta globin chains. This multi-subunit arrangement allows cooperative oxygen binding, illustrating the functional importance of quaternary structure.
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03:49Ribosome Structure
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme concept is not considered totally accurate today.
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Textbook Question
Using sickle-cell anemia as an example, describe what is meant by a molecular or genetic disease. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between this type of a disorder and a disease caused by an invading microorganism?
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Textbook Question
Assuming that each nucleotide in an mRNA is 0.34 nm long, how many triplet codes can simultaneously occupy the space in a ribosome that is 20 nm in diameter?
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