Textbook Question
Francis Crick proposed the 'adaptor hypothesis' for the function of tRNA. Why did he choose that description?
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Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 13, Problem 8
To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires at least four specific recognition sites that must be inherent in its tertiary structure. What are they?
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Understand that transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules have a specific three-dimensional (tertiary) structure essential for their function in translation.
Recall that tRNA must be recognized by several molecules during protein synthesis, which requires specific recognition sites on the tRNA.
Identify the four key recognition sites on tRNA: the amino acid attachment site (3' CCA end), the anticodon loop, the D loop, and the TΨC loop.
Explain the role of each site: the amino acid attachment site binds the correct amino acid; the anticodon loop pairs with the mRNA codon; the D loop and TΨC loop contribute to proper folding and recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and ribosomes.
Summarize that these four sites are essential for the tRNA to be correctly charged with an amino acid and to interact properly with the ribosome and mRNA during translation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
tRNA Structure and Function
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Its tertiary structure is a folded three-dimensional shape essential for its function, allowing it to interact accurately with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, ribosomes, and mRNA.
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Functional Genomics
Recognition Sites on tRNA
tRNA molecules have specific recognition sites that enable correct amino acid attachment and interaction with the translation machinery. These include the acceptor stem for amino acid attachment, the anticodon loop for mRNA codon recognition, and other structural features that ensure proper enzyme and ribosome binding.
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Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Specificity
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes that charge tRNAs with their corresponding amino acids. They recognize tRNAs through multiple identity elements or recognition sites on the tRNA, ensuring high fidelity in protein synthesis by matching the correct amino acid to its tRNA.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
During translation, what molecule bears the codon? the anticodon?
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Textbook Question
Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs with their appropriate amino acids.
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Textbook Question
Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme concept is not considered totally accurate today.
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