Textbook Question
Describe the role of the following structures or proteins in cell division:
Microtubules
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Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 11d
Describe the role of the following structures or proteins in cell division:
Synaptonemal complex
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The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. It plays a critical role in ensuring proper chromosome pairing and alignment.
This structure facilitates the process of synapsis, where homologous chromosomes come together and align tightly along their lengths.
The synaptonemal complex stabilizes the homologous chromosomes, allowing for the exchange of genetic material through crossing over, which occurs at specific points called chiasmata.
Crossing over, mediated by the synaptonemal complex, increases genetic diversity by shuffling alleles between homologous chromosomes.
Once crossing over is complete, the synaptonemal complex disassembles, allowing the homologous chromosomes to separate and proceed to the next stages of meiosis.
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Key Concepts
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Synaptonemal Complex
The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It facilitates the pairing and alignment of homologs, ensuring accurate segregation during cell division. This complex is crucial for genetic recombination, as it allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, contributing to genetic diversity.
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Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. It consists of two sequential divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. This process is essential for sexual reproduction, as it produces gametes (sperm and eggs) that carry half the genetic information necessary for the formation of a new organism.
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Homologous Chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have the same genes at the same loci but may carry different alleles. During meiosis, these chromosomes undergo pairing and recombination, which is facilitated by the synaptonemal complex. This pairing is vital for ensuring that each gamete receives one chromosome from each homologous pair, maintaining genetic stability across generations.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Describe the role of the following structures or proteins in cell division:
Cohesin protein
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Textbook Question
Describe the role of the following structures or proteins in cell division:
Kinetochores
492
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Textbook Question
A woman's father has ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTD), an X-linked recessive disorder producing mental deterioration if not properly treated. The woman's mother is homozygous for the wild-type allele.
What is the woman's genotype? (Use D to represent the dominant allele and d to represent the recessive allele.)
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Textbook Question
A woman's father has ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTD), an X-linked recessive disorder producing mental deterioration if not properly treated. The woman's mother is homozygous for the wild-type allele.
If the woman has a son with a man who does not have OTD, what is the chance the son will have OTD?
387
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Textbook Question
A woman's father has ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTD), an X-linked recessive disorder producing mental deterioration if not properly treated. The woman's mother is homozygous for the wild-type allele.
If the woman has a daughter with a man who does not have OTD, what is the chance the daughter will be a heterozygous carrier of OTD? What is the chance the daughter will have OTD?
410
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