Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Cyclic Alkanes

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Cyclic Alkanes

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Problem 17b

Textbook Question

Draw the line-angle formula for each of the following:
b. ethylcyclopentane

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of ethylcyclopentane: It consists of a cyclopentane ring (a five-membered ring of carbon atoms) with an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃) attached to one of the carbon atoms in the ring.

Start by drawing the cyclopentane ring. Represent it as a pentagon since each vertex of the pentagon corresponds to a carbon atom.

Choose one vertex of the pentagon to attach the ethyl group. Draw a line extending from that vertex to represent the bond connecting the ethyl group to the cyclopentane ring.

Add the ethyl group to the extended line. The ethyl group consists of two carbon atoms: the first carbon is directly bonded to the cyclopentane ring, and the second carbon is bonded to the first carbon. Represent this as a short line segment branching off the first line.

Ensure that all implied hydrogens are understood: Each carbon atom in the structure should have a total of four bonds. Hydrogens are not explicitly drawn in line-angle formulas but are implied to complete the valency of carbon.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a simplified representation of organic molecules. In this format, vertices represent carbon atoms, and lines represent bonds between them. Hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for carbon atoms, as they are assumed to have enough hydrogen to satisfy carbon's tetravalency. This method allows for a clearer and more efficient depiction of complex structures.

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure. They follow the general formula CnH2n, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Ethylcyclopentane specifically consists of a five-membered carbon ring (cyclopentane) with an ethyl group (C2H5) attached to one of the carbons in the ring. Understanding cycloalkanes is essential for accurately drawing their line-angle formulas.

Substituents in Organic Chemistry

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain or ring. In the case of ethylcyclopentane, the ethyl group acts as a substituent on the cyclopentane ring. Recognizing how substituents affect the structure and naming of organic compounds is crucial for drawing accurate representations and understanding the properties of the molecule.

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