Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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3:09 minutes

Problem 65b

Textbook Question

Consider the following segment of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:
ACA UCA CGG GUA
b. What is the amino acid order if a point mutation changes UCA to ACA?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The question involves translating an mRNA sequence into its corresponding amino acid sequence and determining how a point mutation affects the resulting amino acid sequence. A point mutation changes one nucleotide in the mRNA sequence.

Step 2: Recall the genetic code. Each group of three nucleotides (codon) in mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid. Use a codon chart to determine the amino acid for each codon.

Step 3: Translate the original mRNA sequence (ACA UCA CGG GUA) into amino acids. Break the sequence into codons: ACA, UCA, CGG, and GUA. Use the codon chart to find the amino acid for each codon.

Step 4: Apply the point mutation. The mutation changes UCA to ACA. The new mRNA sequence becomes ACA ACA CGG GUA. Break this new sequence into codons and use the codon chart to determine the new amino acid sequence.

Step 5: Compare the original amino acid sequence to the mutated amino acid sequence. Identify any changes in the amino acid order caused by the mutation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

mRNA Translation

mRNA translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of codons in mRNA. Each codon, a sequence of three nucleotides, corresponds to a specific amino acid. Understanding this process is crucial for determining the resulting amino acid sequence from a given mRNA strand.

Point Mutation

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can lead to a change in the corresponding mRNA and potentially alter the amino acid sequence of a protein. In this case, the mutation changes the codon UCA to ACA, which can affect the protein's structure and function.

Amino Acid Codons

Amino acid codons are specific sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to individual amino acids. The genetic code is universal, meaning that the same codons specify the same amino acids across different organisms. Knowing the codon table is essential for translating mRNA sequences into their respective amino acids.

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