Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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4:27 minutes

Problem 87c

Textbook Question

The following is a segment of the template strand of human BRCA1 gene:
TGG AAT TAT CTG CTC TTC GCG
c. If there is a point mutation in the fourth nucleotide triplet and A replaces G, what is the change, if any, in the amino acid sequence?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the original nucleotide sequence of the template strand: TGG AAT TAT CTG CTC TTC GCG.

Determine the corresponding mRNA sequence by transcribing the template strand. Use the base-pairing rules: A pairs with U, T pairs with A, G pairs with C, and C pairs with G.

Divide the mRNA sequence into codons (groups of three nucleotides) starting from the 5' end.

Locate the fourth codon in the mRNA sequence and determine the original amino acid it codes for using a codon table.

Apply the point mutation (A replaces G in the fourth codon of the template strand), transcribe the new mRNA sequence, and determine the new amino acid sequence. Compare the original and mutated amino acid sequences to identify any changes.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Structure and Function

DNA is composed of nucleotide sequences that encode genetic information. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases determines the genetic code, which is translated into proteins. Understanding the structure of DNA is essential for analyzing mutations and their potential effects on protein synthesis.

Point Mutation

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. This can result in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein during translation, potentially altering its function. Point mutations can be classified as silent, missense, or nonsense mutations, depending on their effect on the resulting protein. Identifying the type of mutation is crucial for predicting its impact on the organism.

Amino Acid Codons

Amino acids are encoded by triplet codons in mRNA, which are derived from the DNA template strand. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. Understanding the genetic code is vital for determining how mutations affect the amino acid sequence of proteins. In this case, analyzing the codon change due to the point mutation will reveal the impact on the protein structure.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Consider the following segment of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

ACA UCA CGG GUA

b. What is the amino acid order if a point mutation changes UCA to ACA?

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Textbook Question

A polypeptide contains 36 amino acids. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA for this polypeptide?

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Textbook Question

A point mutation changes a codon in the mRNA for an enzyme from GCC to GCA. Why is there no change in the amino acid order in the protein?

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Textbook Question

In sickle-cell anemia, a point mutation in the mRNA for hemoglobin results in the replacement of glutamate with valine in the resulting hemoglobin molecule. Why does the replacement of one amino acid cause such a drastic change in biological function?

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Textbook Question

Answer the following questions for the given section of DNA:

c. Write the three-letter symbols for the amino acids that would go into the peptide from the mRNA you wrote in part b.

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Textbook Question

Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.

c. Write the three-letter symbols for the amino acids that would go into the peptide from the mRNA you wrote in part b.

613

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