Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Isotopes

GOB Chemistry

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Isotopes

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3:47 minutes

Problem 83c

Textbook Question

Indicate if the atoms in each pair have the same number of protons, neutrons, or electrons.
c. ⁴⁰₁₈Ar, ³⁹₁₇Cl

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the number of protons in each atom. The number of protons is equal to the atomic number (subscript). For ⁴⁰₁₈Ar, the atomic number is 18, so it has 18 protons. For ³⁹₁₇Cl, the atomic number is 17, so it has 17 protons.

Step 2: Determine the number of neutrons in each atom. The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number (protons) from the mass number (superscript). For ⁴⁰₁₈Ar, neutrons = 40 - 18 = 22. For ³⁹₁₇Cl, neutrons = 39 - 17 = 22.

Step 3: Identify the number of electrons in each atom. For neutral atoms, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. For ⁴⁰₁₈Ar, it has 18 electrons. For ³⁹₁₇Cl, it has 17 electrons.

Step 4: Compare the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons between the two atoms. ⁴⁰₁₈Ar and ³⁹₁₇Cl have different numbers of protons (18 vs. 17) and electrons (18 vs. 17), but they have the same number of neutrons (22).

Step 5: Conclude that the atoms in the pair have the same number of neutrons but differ in the number of protons and electrons.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Atomic Structure

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, while neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus. The number of protons defines the element, while the number of neutrons can vary, leading to different isotopes.

Isotopes

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in neutron count results in varying atomic masses. For example, the isotopes of argon and chlorine in the question have different neutron counts, which affects their stability and nuclear properties.

Ionic and Neutral Atoms

Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no overall charge. In contrast, ions are charged particles that occur when an atom gains or loses electrons. Understanding whether the atoms in the pairs are neutral or ionic is crucial for determining their electron counts and comparing them accurately.