Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

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Problem 21d

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:
d. 3-methylpentanal

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of the compound. The name '3-methylpentanal' indicates that the compound is an aldehyde (due to the '-al' suffix) with a five-carbon chain (pent-) and a methyl group attached to the third carbon.

Step 2: Begin by drawing the main chain of the molecule, which is pentane (a five-carbon chain). Label the carbons as C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5.

Step 3: Add the aldehyde functional group (-CHO) to the first carbon (C1). This is because aldehydes always have the carbonyl group at the end of the chain.

Step 4: Place the methyl group (-CH₃) on the third carbon (C3) of the pentane chain. This is specified by the '3-methyl' prefix in the name.

Step 5: Write the condensed structural formula by combining all the components. The aldehyde group on C1, the methyl group on C3, and the remaining hydrogens on the other carbons should be included. Ensure the formula is compact and reflects the correct connectivity of atoms.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically uses symbols for atoms and groups them to indicate how they are connected, making it easier to visualize the structure of organic molecules.

Aliphatic Aldehyde

3-methylpentanal is an aliphatic aldehyde, which means it contains a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. Aldehydes are characterized by the presence of this functional group, and their naming convention includes the suffix '-al' to indicate the aldehyde functional group, along with a prefix that denotes the length and branching of the carbon chain.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring that each compound has a unique and descriptive name. For 3-methylpentanal, the name indicates a five-carbon chain (pent-) with a methyl group (-methyl) attached to the third carbon, and the '-al' suffix signifies the presence of the aldehyde functional group at the terminal carbon.