Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

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Problem 34c

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for the alcohol formed when each of the following is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst:
c. 3-chlorocyclopentanone

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional group in the given compound, 3-chlorocyclopentanone. The compound contains a ketone group (C=O) attached to a cyclopentane ring and a chlorine atom at the 3rd position.

Understand the reduction process: When a ketone is reduced by hydrogen (H₂) in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the carbonyl group (C=O) is converted into a hydroxyl group (-OH), forming an alcohol.

Determine the location of the hydroxyl group: The ketone group in 3-chlorocyclopentanone is located on the cyclopentane ring. Reduction will convert this ketone group into an alcohol group (-OH) at the same position.

Account for the chlorine substituent: The chlorine atom at the 3rd position remains unchanged during the reduction process, as the reaction specifically targets the ketone group.

Write the condensed structural formula: Combine the cyclopentane ring with the hydroxyl group (-OH) replacing the ketone group and the chlorine atom at the 3rd position. The final condensed structural formula will represent the alcohol formed after reduction.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reduction Reaction

Reduction is a chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons or the decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. In organic chemistry, this often refers to the conversion of carbonyl groups (like ketones and aldehydes) into alcohols. The process typically requires a reducing agent, such as hydrogen gas, and a catalyst, which in this case is nickel.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It provides a simplified view of the molecular structure, indicating how atoms are connected, which is particularly useful for visualizing organic compounds like alcohols derived from ketones.

Cyclopentanone

Cyclopentanone is a cyclic ketone with the molecular formula C5H8O, characterized by a five-membered ring containing a carbonyl group (C=O). When reduced, cyclopentanone can be converted into cyclopentanol, an alcohol. Understanding the structure of cyclopentanone is essential for predicting the product of its reduction and drawing the correct condensed structural formula.