Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

23. Lipids

Triacylglycerol Reactions: Hydrolysis

GOB Chemistry

23. Lipids

Triacylglycerol Reactions: Hydrolysis

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2:54 minutes

Problem 33

Textbook Question

Use line-angle formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the acid hydrolysis of glyceryl trimyristate (trimyristin).

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the structure of glyceryl trimyristate (trimyristin). It is a triglyceride composed of a glycerol backbone esterified with three myristic acid (C₁₄H₂₈O₂) molecules. Represent this structure using a line-angle formula.

Understand the process of acid hydrolysis. In this reaction, the ester bonds in the triglyceride are broken in the presence of water (H₂O) and an acid catalyst, producing glycerol (C₃H₈O₃) and three molecules of myristic acid.

Write the reactants for the balanced chemical equation. The reactants are glyceryl trimyristate and three molecules of water (H₂O).

Write the products for the balanced chemical equation. The products are one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of myristic acid.

Combine the reactants and products into a balanced chemical equation: C₃H₅(OCOC₁₃H₂₇)₃ + 3H₂O → C₃H₈O₃ + 3C₁₄H₂₈O₂. Use line-angle formulas to represent the structures of the compounds in the equation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Line-Angle Formulas

Line-angle formulas, also known as skeletal formulas, are a simplified way of representing organic molecules. In these diagrams, each vertex represents a carbon atom, and lines represent bonds between them. Hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for clarity, as they are assumed to be present to satisfy carbon's tetravalency. Understanding how to read and draw these formulas is essential for visualizing complex organic structures.

Acid Hydrolysis

Acid hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water and an acid are used to break down a compound, typically an ester or a triglyceride, into its constituent parts. In the case of glyceryl trimyristate, this process involves the cleavage of ester bonds, resulting in the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. Recognizing the role of acids and water in this reaction is crucial for writing the balanced equation.

Balanced Chemical Equations

A balanced chemical equation represents a chemical reaction with equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the equation. This ensures the law of conservation of mass is upheld, meaning matter is neither created nor destroyed in the reaction. Balancing equations involves adjusting coefficients to achieve this equality, which is vital for accurately depicting the stoichiometry of the reaction.

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Textbook Question

A sink drain can become clogged with solid fat such as glyceryl tristearate (tristearin).

c. How many milliliters of a 0.500 M NaOH solution are needed to completely react with 10.0 g of glyceryl tristearate (tristearin)?

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Textbook Question

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:

a. the reaction of palm oil with KOH

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Textbook Question

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:

b. the reaction of glyceryl trilinoleate from safflower oil with water and HCl

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Textbook Question

Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:

b. the reaction of glyceryl tristearate with water in the presence of lipase enzyme

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Multiple Choice

Provide the common name of the fatty acids produced from the enzymatic hydrolysis of the following triacylglycerol.

The salt of a fatty acid has its ending of “ic acid” changed to “ate”. Based on this information provide the name of the salt created from the following saponification reaction.

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Textbook Question

Write the complete equation for the hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol in which the fatty acids are two molecules of stearic acid and one of oleic acid.

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Textbook Question

Is the reaction shown here esterification, hydrogenation, hydrolysis, saponification, or substitution?

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