Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

9. Solutions

Osmosis

GOB Chemistry

9. Solutions

Osmosis

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1:32 minutes

Problem 81

Textbook Question

A pickle is made by soaking a cucumber in brine, a salt-water solution. What makes the smooth cucumber become wrinkled like a prune?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

Recognize the role of brine: Brine is a salt-water solution with a higher solute concentration compared to the water inside the cucumber cells.

Explain the movement of water: When the cucumber is soaked in brine, water molecules inside the cucumber cells move out into the brine due to osmosis.

Describe the effect on the cucumber: As water leaves the cucumber cells, the cells lose volume, causing the cucumber to shrink and its surface to become wrinkled.

Relate the process to the pickle: This loss of water and the wrinkling of the cucumber are part of the pickling process, which preserves the cucumber and gives it its characteristic texture.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In the context of pickling, when cucumbers are placed in brine, water moves out of the cucumber cells into the salt solution, causing the cucumbers to lose water and become wrinkled.

Brine Solution

A brine solution is a mixture of water and salt, which creates a hypertonic environment for the cucumbers. The high concentration of salt in the brine draws water out of the cucumbers through osmosis, leading to the dehydration of the cucumber cells and resulting in their wrinkled appearance.

Cellular Structure of Cucumbers

Cucumbers are composed of cells that contain a large amount of water, contributing to their crisp texture. When exposed to brine, the loss of water from these cells alters their structure, causing them to shrink and wrinkle. This cellular change is a direct result of the osmotic process occurring in the presence of the salt solution.

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