Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Peptides

GOB Chemistry

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Peptides

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Problem 60

Textbook Question

Use the three-letter abbreviations to name all tripeptides that contain valine, methionine, and leucine.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand that a tripeptide is a molecule composed of three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The order of the amino acids in the chain determines the name of the tripeptide.

Step 2: Identify the three amino acids given in the problem: valine (Val), methionine (Met), and leucine (Leu). These are represented by their three-letter abbreviations.

Step 3: Recognize that the order of the amino acids matters, as each unique sequence represents a different tripeptide. For three amino acids, there are 3! (3 factorial) possible arrangements, which equals 6.

Step 4: List all possible sequences of the tripeptide using the three-letter abbreviations: Val-Met-Leu, Val-Leu-Met, Met-Val-Leu, Met-Leu-Val, Leu-Val-Met, and Leu-Met-Val.

Step 5: Verify that all six combinations are unique and ensure that no sequence is repeated. These are the names of all possible tripeptides containing valine, methionine, and leucine.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Amino Acids

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid has a specific structure, consisting of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group). Valine, methionine, and leucine are three essential amino acids, meaning they must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them.

Tripeptides

Tripeptides are molecules formed by the linkage of three amino acids through peptide bonds. The sequence and identity of the amino acids in a tripeptide determine its properties and functions. In this context, tripeptides containing valine, methionine, and leucine can be arranged in various orders, leading to different tripeptide combinations.

Three-Letter Abbreviations

In biochemistry, amino acids are often represented by three-letter abbreviations for convenience. For example, valine is abbreviated as 'Val', methionine as 'Met', and leucine as 'Leu'. Understanding these abbreviations is essential for accurately naming and discussing peptides and proteins in scientific contexts.

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Textbook Question

Identify the N-terminus and the C-terminus for each of the peptides in Problem 10.18.

d. IYP

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Textbook Question

Identify the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids of the peptide.

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Textbook Question

Identify the amino acids present in the peptide shown and name the peptide using the three-letter abbreviations.

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Textbook Question

Write structural formulas for the two dipeptides that contain leucine and aspartate.

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Textbook Question

Identify the amino acids in the following dipeptide and tripeptide, and write the abbreviated forms of the peptide names. Copy the dipeptides, draw a box around the peptide bonds, and use an arrow to identify the α-carbon atoms. Draw a circle around the R groups, and indicate if the R groups are neutral, polar, acidic, or basic.

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Textbook Question

Using three-letter abbreviations, show the six tripeptides that contain isoleucine, arginine, and valine.

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Textbook Question

Tripeptides are composed of three amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Given a set of amino acids, you can make several different tripeptides.

a. Use the three-letter shorthand notations to name all the tripeptides that can be made from serine, tyrosine, and glycine. Each amino acid will be used once in each tripeptide.

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Textbook Question

Valine is an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, and serine is an amino acid with a polar side chain. Draw the two dipeptides that can be formed by these two amino acids. Identify the peptide bond.

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