Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

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Problem 3

Textbook Question

Write both the complete structural formula of succinic acid, showing all bonds, and the line-angle structural formula.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of succinic acid. Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula C4H6O4. It contains two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) attached to a straight-chain alkane backbone of four carbon atoms.

Step 2: Draw the complete structural formula. Start by arranging the four carbon atoms in a straight chain. Attach a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) to the first and last carbon atoms. Fill in the remaining bonds with hydrogen atoms to satisfy the octet rule for each carbon atom.

Step 3: Verify the complete structural formula. Ensure that each carbon atom forms four bonds, each oxygen atom forms two bonds, and each hydrogen atom forms one bond. The complete structural formula should explicitly show all bonds between atoms.

Step 4: Draw the line-angle structural formula. In this representation, each vertex or endpoint of a line represents a carbon atom, and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon are implied but not shown. Draw the two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) explicitly at the ends of the chain.

Step 5: Double-check the line-angle formula. Confirm that the number of carbon atoms, the placement of the carboxylic acid groups, and the implied hydrogen atoms match the molecular formula C4H6O4.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Structural Formula

A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how they are bonded together. It includes all the atoms, bonds, and sometimes lone pairs of electrons. In the case of succinic acid, the complete structural formula will depict the carbon backbone and the functional groups, providing a clear picture of its molecular structure.

Line-Angle Structural Formula

The line-angle structural formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a simplified representation of organic molecules. In this format, carbon atoms are represented by the ends and intersections of lines, while hydrogen atoms are usually omitted for clarity. This method allows for a more straightforward visualization of the molecule's structure, particularly for larger compounds like succinic acid.

Succinic Acid

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O4. It consists of a four-carbon chain with two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) at each end. Understanding its structure is essential for recognizing its chemical properties and reactions, as well as its applications in various fields such as biochemistry and industrial chemistry.

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