Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Ketones

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Ketones

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Problem 34a

Textbook Question

The following names are incorrect. What is wrong with each?
a. 1-Pentanone

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recall the IUPAC naming rules for ketones. Ketones are named by identifying the longest carbon chain containing the carbonyl group (C=O) and replacing the '-e' ending of the alkane name with '-one'. The position of the carbonyl group is indicated by the smallest possible number.

Step 2: Analyze the given name '1-Pentanone'. The name suggests a five-carbon chain (pent-) with a ketone group at position 1.

Step 3: Recognize that a ketone group cannot be at position 1 because ketones require the carbonyl group to be bonded to two carbon atoms. If the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain, it would be an aldehyde, not a ketone.

Step 4: Determine the correct position for the carbonyl group in a five-carbon chain. The carbonyl group must be at position 2 or 3 to satisfy the definition of a ketone.

Step 5: Correct the name by placing the carbonyl group at the appropriate position and renaming the compound as '2-Pentanone' or '3-Pentanone', depending on the structure. Ensure the numbering gives the carbonyl group the lowest possible number.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming organic compounds based on their structure, functional groups, and the longest carbon chain. Understanding these rules is essential for identifying errors in compound names, such as incorrect prefixes or suffixes.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of pentanone, the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) indicates that it is a ketone. Recognizing functional groups helps in determining the correct naming conventions and identifying any discrepancies in the name provided.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. For example, pentanone can refer to different isomers depending on the position of the carbonyl group. Understanding structural isomers is crucial for identifying potential errors in naming, as the position of functional groups can significantly alter the compound's identity.