Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Skeletal Formula

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Skeletal Formula

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Problem 22b

Textbook Question

Convert the following models into line drawings (back = C; white = H; blue = N):
b.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the atoms in the molecular model: Carbon (C) is represented by black spheres, Hydrogen (H) by white spheres, and Nitrogen (N) by blue spheres.

Determine the connectivity of the atoms by observing how the spheres are bonded in the model. Each bond is represented by a stick connecting two spheres.

Simplify the structure into a line drawing: Represent carbon atoms as vertices or endpoints of lines, and omit hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon for simplicity. Explicitly show hydrogens only if they are bonded to atoms other than carbon (e.g., nitrogen).

Indicate double or triple bonds where applicable by using double or triple lines between the connected atoms in the line drawing.

Ensure that the nitrogen atom (blue sphere) is explicitly shown in the line drawing, along with any hydrogens bonded to it, and verify that the drawing adheres to the correct valency rules for each atom.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Line Drawings

Line drawings are simplified representations of objects or structures, using lines to convey shape and form without detailed shading or color. In the context of molecular models, line drawings help visualize the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a clear and concise manner, making it easier to understand complex structures.

Molecular Representation

Molecular representation refers to the various ways in which molecules can be depicted, including ball-and-stick models, space-filling models, and line drawings. Each representation highlights different aspects of the molecule, such as bond angles, distances, and spatial orientation, which are crucial for understanding chemical behavior and interactions.

Color Coding in Chemistry

Color coding in chemistry is a method used to distinguish between different types of atoms in molecular structures. For example, in the provided question, carbon is represented by 'C' (black), hydrogen by 'H' (white), and nitrogen by 'N' (blue). This system aids in quickly identifying elements and understanding their roles within a molecule.