Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Coenzymes in Metabolism

GOB Chemistry

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Coenzymes in Metabolism

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1:13 minutes

Problem 13a

Textbook Question

Identify one or more coenzymes with each of the following components:
a. pantothenic acid

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the term 'coenzyme': A coenzyme is a non-protein organic molecule that binds to an enzyme and assists in catalyzing a reaction. Coenzymes often derive from vitamins.

Recognize that pantothenic acid is a B-vitamin (Vitamin B5) and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of coenzymes.

Recall that pantothenic acid is a key component of coenzyme A (CoA), which plays a critical role in metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism.

Note that coenzyme A contains pantothenic acid as part of its structure, along with other components like adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a thiol group (-SH) that is essential for its function.

Conclude that the coenzyme associated with pantothenic acid is coenzyme A (CoA), which is vital for acyl group transfer reactions in metabolism.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Coenzymes

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions. They often act as carriers for chemical groups or electrons, facilitating the transfer of these components during metabolic processes. Coenzymes are essential for the proper functioning of enzymes, and their absence can lead to metabolic dysfunction.

Pantothenic Acid

Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that is crucial for synthesizing coenzyme A (CoA). CoA plays a vital role in fatty acid metabolism and the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. It is found in various foods, including meats, whole grains, and legumes, highlighting its importance in a balanced diet.

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a key coenzyme derived from pantothenic acid that is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates. It serves as a carrier of acyl groups, facilitating their transfer in metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle and fatty acid synthesis. CoA is essential for energy production and the synthesis of various biomolecules.

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FAD is a coenzyme for dehydrogenation.

b. Is FAD an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent?

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Textbook Question

FAD is a coenzyme for dehydrogenation.

d. What is the form of FAD after dehydrogenation?

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Textbook Question

The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).

a. In which step is a coenzyme needed? Identify the coenzyme.

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Textbook Question

The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).

b. In which step is CO₂ evolved and a hydrogen ion added?

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Textbook Question

Give the abbreviation for each of the following coenzymes:

a. reduced form of NAD+

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Textbook Question

What coenzyme picks up hydrogen when a carbon–carbon double bond is formed?

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