Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Coenzymes in Metabolism

GOB Chemistry

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Coenzymes in Metabolism

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2:34 minutes

Problem 15a

Textbook Question

Give the abbreviation for each of the following coenzymes:
a. reduced form of NAD+

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The question asks for the abbreviation of the reduced form of NAD+. NAD+ stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, which is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions.

Step 2: Recall the concept of reduction in chemistry. Reduction refers to the gain of electrons. When NAD+ is reduced, it gains two electrons and one proton (H+), forming its reduced form.

Step 3: Identify the abbreviation for the reduced form of NAD+. The reduced form of NAD+ is commonly abbreviated as NADH.

Step 4: Note the significance of the reduced form. NADH acts as an electron carrier in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, where it donates electrons to the electron transport chain.

Step 5: Finalize the answer. The abbreviation for the reduced form of NAD+ is NADH.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Coenzymes

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions. They often act as carriers for chemical groups or electrons, facilitating the transfer of these components during metabolic processes. Common examples include NAD+, FAD, and coenzyme A, which play crucial roles in energy production and metabolism.

NAD+ and its Reduced Form

NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions, playing a vital role in cellular respiration. When it accepts electrons, it is reduced to its active form, NADH. This reduced form is essential for transporting electrons to the electron transport chain, ultimately contributing to ATP production in cells.

Abbreviations in Biochemistry

In biochemistry, abbreviations are commonly used to simplify the representation of complex molecules and processes. For instance, NAD+ is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, while NADH represents its reduced form. Understanding these abbreviations is crucial for effective communication and comprehension in scientific literature.

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Textbook Question

FAD is a coenzyme for dehydrogenation.

d. What is the form of FAD after dehydrogenation?

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Textbook Question

The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).

a. In which step is a coenzyme needed? Identify the coenzyme.

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Textbook Question

The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).

b. In which step is CO₂ evolved and a hydrogen ion added?

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Textbook Question

Identify one or more coenzymes with each of the following components:

a. pantothenic acid

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Textbook Question

What coenzyme picks up hydrogen when a carbon–carbon double bond is formed?

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