Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Isomers

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Isomers

Previous problemNext problem

5:27 minutes

Problem 64

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed structural formula and give the correct IUPAC name for the three alkane structural isomers with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ .

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the molecular formula C_5H_12, which indicates an alkane with 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms.

Recognize that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds only, and the general formula for alkanes is C_nH_{2n+2}.

Determine the possible structural isomers by arranging the 5 carbon atoms in different configurations: a straight chain and branched chains.

Draw the condensed structural formulas for each isomer: (1) a straight chain (pentane), (2) a branched chain with a single methyl group (2-methylbutane), and (3) a branched chain with two methyl groups (2,2-dimethylpropane).

Assign the correct IUPAC names to each isomer based on the longest carbon chain and the position of any branches: (1) pentane, (2) 2-methylbutane, and (3) 2,2-dimethylpropane.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Video duration:

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding the structural arrangement of these atoms is crucial for identifying isomers, which are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural configurations.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that share the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. For C5H12, there are three distinct structural isomers: n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane. Recognizing these variations is essential for drawing their condensed structural formulas and naming them correctly according to IUPAC rules.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. For alkanes, the naming convention is based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain, with prefixes indicating the number of carbons (e.g., 'pent-' for five). Understanding IUPAC nomenclature is vital for accurately naming the structural isomers of C5H12.

Watch next

Master Isomers Concept 1 with a bite sized video explanation from Jules

Start learning

Related Videos

Related Practice

Textbook Question

Determine if each of the following cycloalkanes or alkenes can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. For those that can, draw the two isomers. Label each of the isomers you drew as the cis stereoisomer or the trans stereoisomer.

(b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH=CH₂

634

views

Textbook Question

Alkanes are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Explain the meaning of the term hydrocarbon. Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?

566

views

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for each of the following molecules:

(b) cis-1-chloro-3-methylcyclohexane

457

views

Textbook Question

Using condensed structural formulas, draw three conformers of hexane.

1107

views

Textbook Question

How many structural isomers are possible for the molecular formula C₅H₁₁F? Draw the skeletal structure and give the IUPAC name of each compound.

583

views

Textbook Question

Using wedge-and-dash bonds, draw a cis and a trans stereoisomers for each of the following compounds:

(b) 1-bromo-2-ethylcyclopentane

422

views

Textbook Question

Using wedge-and-dash bonds, draw both the cis and trans stereoisomers for each of the following compounds:

(b) 1,3-diethylcyclobutane

661

views

Textbook Question

For each of the following compounds, indicate whether or not it can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. If it can exist as the two isomers, draw both as a condensed structure.

(a) H₂C=CHCH₂CH₃

662

views

Show more practices