Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Formation

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Formation

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2:44 minutes

Problem 20a

Textbook Question

Draw structures of the amides that can be made from the following reactants:
a. CH₃NH₂ + (CH₃)₂CHCOOH →?

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Identify the functional groups in the reactants: CH₃NH₂ is a primary amine, and (CH₃)₂CHCOOH is a carboxylic acid. Amides are formed when an amine reacts with a carboxylic acid, typically through a condensation reaction where water (H₂O) is eliminated.

Determine the mechanism of the reaction: The amine (CH₃NH₂) will act as a nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid ((CH₃)₂CHCOOH). This forms a tetrahedral intermediate.

Recognize the elimination step: The tetrahedral intermediate will lose a molecule of water (H₂O), resulting in the formation of the amide bond (C=O-NH).

Draw the structure of the resulting amide: The amide will have the structure (CH₃)₂CH-C(=O)-NH-CH₃. The isopropyl group ((CH₃)₂CH-) comes from the carboxylic acid, and the methyl group (CH₃-) attached to the nitrogen comes from the amine.

Verify the product: Ensure that the product contains the amide functional group (-C(=O)-NH-) and that all atoms are accounted for from the reactants, with water (H₂O) as the byproduct.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Amides

Amides are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is replaced by an amine group (-NH₂, -NHR, or -NR₂). They are characterized by the functional group -C(=O)N-, and are important in various biological processes, including protein synthesis. Understanding the structure of amides is crucial for predicting their reactivity and properties.

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH), which is responsible for their acidic properties. They can react with amines to form amides through a condensation reaction, where water is eliminated. Recognizing the structure and reactivity of carboxylic acids is essential for understanding how amides are synthesized.

Condensation Reaction

A condensation reaction is a chemical process where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, accompanied by the loss of a small molecule, often water. In the context of amide formation, the reaction between an amine and a carboxylic acid exemplifies this process. Grasping the concept of condensation reactions is vital for predicting the products formed in organic synthesis.

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the amide formed in each of the following reactions:

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