Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Alcohols

GOB Chemistry

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Alcohols

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Problem 49a

Textbook Question

Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain.
a. butane or 1-propanol

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the key property that affects solubility in water: Water is a polar solvent, so compounds with polar functional groups (e.g., -OH) or the ability to form hydrogen bonds are generally more soluble in water than nonpolar compounds.

Analyze the structure of butane: Butane is a hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10. It is nonpolar because it consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which share electrons almost equally, and it lacks any polar functional groups.

Analyze the structure of 1-propanol: 1-Propanol has the formula C3H7OH. It contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group, which is highly polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, making it more compatible with water.

Compare the solubility of the two compounds: Since 1-propanol has a polar -OH group and can form hydrogen bonds, it is more soluble in water than butane, which is nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds.

Conclude: 1-Propanol is more soluble in water than butane due to its polar hydroxyl group and ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Polarity

Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule. Polar molecules, which have a significant difference in electronegativity between their atoms, tend to dissolve well in water due to hydrogen bonding. In contrast, nonpolar molecules, like butane, do not interact favorably with water, making them less soluble.

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of strong intermolecular attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, interacts with another electronegative atom. This interaction significantly increases the solubility of compounds like 1-propanol in water, as it allows for effective interactions with water molecules.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of 1-propanol, the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group enhances its solubility in water, while butane, lacking such a group, remains largely hydrophobic and insoluble.

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Write the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols: (12.1)

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Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain.

b. 2-propanol or 2-pentanol

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Textbook Question

Rank the following according to boiling point, highest to lowest:

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d. CH₂(OH)CH(OH)CH₂OH

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The boiling point of propanol is 97 °C ,much higher than that of either ethanethiol (37 °C) or chloroethane (13 °C) , even though all three compounds have similar MWs. Explain.

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Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain.a. butane or 1-propanol

Key Concepts

Polarity

Hydrogen Bonding

Functional Groups

Watch next

Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain.
a. butane or 1-propanol