Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

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3:17 minutes

Problem 77a

Textbook Question

Draw the line-angle formula and write the IUPAC name for each of the following:
a. A carboxylic acid that has the formula C₆H₁₂O₂, with no substituents

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of a carboxylic acid. A carboxylic acid contains a functional group (-COOH) attached to a carbon chain. The formula C6H12O2 indicates that the molecule has six carbons, twelve hydrogens, and two oxygens, one of which is part of the carboxylic acid group.

Step 2: Determine the parent chain. Since there are six carbons in the molecule, the parent chain will be hexane. The carboxylic acid group is always assigned position 1 in the chain, as it is the highest priority functional group.

Step 3: Confirm that there are no substituents. The problem specifies that the carboxylic acid has no substituents, meaning the structure is a straight chain with no branches or additional functional groups.

Step 4: Draw the line-angle formula. Represent the six-carbon chain as a zigzag line, with the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) attached to the end of the chain. Ensure the correct number of hydrogens is added to each carbon to satisfy the valency of carbon (four bonds per carbon atom).

Step 5: Write the IUPAC name. The name of the compound is derived from the parent chain (hexane) and the carboxylic acid functional group. The IUPAC name for this compound is hexanoic acid.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a simplified way of drawing organic molecules. In this representation, vertices represent carbon atoms, and lines represent bonds between them. Hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for carbon atoms, as they are assumed to have enough hydrogens to satisfy carbon's tetravalency. This method allows for a clearer visualization of the molecular structure, especially for larger compounds.

Carboxylic Acid

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH). This functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Carboxylic acids are known for their acidic properties and are commonly found in various natural substances, such as vinegar (acetic acid) and citric acid. The IUPAC naming convention for carboxylic acids involves identifying the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group and adding the suffix '-oic acid.'

IUPAC Naming Conventions

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides systematic rules for naming chemical compounds. For organic compounds, the name is derived from the longest continuous carbon chain, with functional groups and substituents indicated by prefixes and suffixes. The position of substituents is specified by numbering the carbon chain, ensuring that the lowest possible numbers are assigned. This standardized naming system allows chemists to communicate the structure of compounds clearly and unambiguously.

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formulas for a and b and line-angle formulas for c and d:

c. 3-ethylbenzoic acid

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Draw the condensed structural formulas and write the IUPAC names for two structural isomers of the carboxylic acids that have the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂.

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Textbook Question

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, for each of the following:

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formulas for a and b and line-angle formulas for c and d:

c. 3-bromopentanoic acid

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Textbook Question

Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, of the carboxylate salts produced in problem 14.11

a. formic acid

b. 3-chloropropanoic acid

c. benzoic acid

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Textbook Question

In the following pairs of compounds, which would you expect to be more soluble in water? Why?

a. C₈H₁₇COOH or CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH

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Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the following compounds and use dashed lines to indicate where they form hydrogen bonds to other molecules of the same kind: (i) formic acid

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Multiple Choice

If the substituent name of the OH group is hydroxy in the presence of a carboxylic acid, provide the systematic name for the following compound.

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