Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Carboxylic Acids

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Problem 35a(i)

Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the following compounds and use dashed lines to indicate where they form hydrogen bonds to other molecules of the same kind: (i) formic acid

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of formic acid. Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid with the molecular formula HCOOH. It consists of a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a single hydrogen atom.

Step 2: Draw the Lewis structure of formic acid. Represent the carboxyl group with a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). The carbon atom is also single-bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Step 3: Identify the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in formic acid. The hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group (-OH) can act as a hydrogen bond donor, while the oxygen atoms (both in the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group) can act as hydrogen bond acceptors.

Step 4: Illustrate the hydrogen bonding between two formic acid molecules. Use dashed lines to show the interaction between the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group in one molecule and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group in another molecule. Similarly, show the interaction between the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group in the second molecule and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group in the first molecule.

Step 5: Ensure the drawing is clear and includes all relevant details. Label the dashed lines as hydrogen bonds and confirm that the geometry of the molecules reflects the directional nature of hydrogen bonding.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of attractive interaction that occurs between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) and another electronegative atom. In the case of formic acid, hydrogen bonds can form between the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group (-OH) and the oxygen of another formic acid molecule, which is crucial for understanding its molecular interactions.

Molecular Structure of Formic Acid

Formic acid (HCOOH) is the simplest carboxylic acid, consisting of a carbon atom bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carbonyl group (C=O). Its structure is essential for visualizing how the molecule can interact with itself and other molecules through hydrogen bonding, which influences its physical properties and behavior in solution.

Dashed Lines in Molecular Diagrams

In molecular diagrams, dashed lines are commonly used to represent hydrogen bonds, indicating weaker interactions compared to covalent bonds. This notation helps to visualize the spatial arrangement of molecules and the nature of their interactions, which is particularly important in understanding the behavior of compounds like formic acid in various environments.