Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

3. Ionic Compounds

Ionic Bonding

GOB Chemistry

3. Ionic Compounds

Ionic Bonding

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1:49 minutes

Problem 149b

Textbook Question

Identify the group number in the periodic table of X, a representative element, in each of the following ionic compounds:
b. Al₂X₃

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recognize that the compound Al₂X₃ is composed of aluminum (Al) and an unknown element X. Aluminum is a known element in Group 13 of the periodic table and typically forms a +3 charge as a cation (Al³⁺).

Step 2: Analyze the chemical formula Al₂X₃. The subscript '2' next to Al indicates there are 2 aluminum ions, and the subscript '3' next to X indicates there are 3 ions of element X in the compound.

Step 3: Use the principle of charge neutrality. The total positive charge from aluminum ions must balance the total negative charge from the X ions. Since each Al³⁺ contributes a +3 charge, the total positive charge is 2 × (+3) = +6.

Step 4: Determine the charge of each X ion. To balance the +6 charge from aluminum, the total negative charge from the X ions must also be -6. Since there are 3 X ions, each X ion must have a charge of -2 (−6 ÷ 3 = −2).

Step 5: Identify the group number of X. Elements that form a -2 charge as anions are typically found in Group 16 of the periodic table (the oxygen family). Therefore, X is a representative element in Group 16.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Representative Elements

Representative elements are found in groups 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to form a wide variety of compounds and exhibit predictable properties based on their group. Understanding the group number of these elements is essential for predicting their behavior in ionic compounds.

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed when metals transfer electrons to nonmetals, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. The overall charge of the compound is neutral, and the ratio of ions is determined by their charges. In the case of Al₂X₃, aluminum (Al) has a +3 charge, which helps identify the charge and group of element X.

Periodic Table Group Number

The group number in the periodic table indicates the number of valence electrons in the outer shell of an element. For representative elements, this number helps predict their ionic charge when forming compounds. By analyzing the charges of the ions in Al₂X₃, one can deduce the group number of element X, which is crucial for understanding its chemical properties.

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