Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

19. Enzymes

Enzyme Regulation: Allosteric Control

GOB Chemistry

19. Enzymes

Enzyme Regulation: Allosteric Control

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2:37 minutes

Problem 30d

Textbook Question

What type of enzyme regulation occurs in the following situations?
d. Conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate is inhibited by high levels of ATP. (Hint: ATP is neither a product nor a substrate in this reaction.)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of enzyme regulation by analyzing the role of ATP in the reaction. Since ATP is neither a product nor a substrate, it is acting as an allosteric effector.

Understand that allosteric regulation occurs when a molecule binds to a site on the enzyme other than the active site, causing a change in the enzyme's activity.

Recognize that ATP is acting as an allosteric inhibitor in this case because high levels of ATP inhibit the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate.

Recall that this type of regulation is often part of feedback inhibition, where the accumulation of a product (in this case, ATP) signals the enzyme to slow down or stop its activity to maintain balance in the metabolic pathway.

Conclude that the type of enzyme regulation occurring here is allosteric inhibition, specifically as part of feedback inhibition, which helps regulate energy production in the cell.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric regulation involves the binding of an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site, leading to a conformational change that affects enzyme activity. In the case of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate conversion, ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor, reducing the enzyme's activity when energy levels are high, thus preventing unnecessary energy expenditure.

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback inhibition is a regulatory mechanism where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway. Although ATP is not a product of the isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate reaction, its high concentration signals that the cell has sufficient energy, thus inhibiting the pathway to prevent overproduction of intermediates.

Metabolic Control

Metabolic control refers to the regulation of metabolic pathways to maintain homeostasis within the cell. Enzymes are key players in this process, and their activity can be modulated by various factors, including substrate availability and allosteric effectors like ATP, ensuring that metabolic processes align with the cell's energy needs.

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