Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Nature of Energy

GOB Chemistry

7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Nature of Energy

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1:39 minutes

Problem 96a

Textbook Question

The relationship between the nutritional unit for energy and the metric unit is 1 Calorie = 1 kcal.
a. One donut contains 350 Calories. Convert this to calories and joules.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the relationship between Calories and calories. Note that 1 Calorie (nutritional calorie) is equivalent to 1 kilocalorie (kcal), and 1 kcal is equal to 1000 calories (small 'c').

Step 2: Convert the given 350 Calories into calories using the relationship: \( 1 \text{ Calorie} = 1000 \text{ calories} \). Multiply 350 by 1000 to find the value in calories.

Step 3: Recall the relationship between calories and joules. The conversion factor is \( 1 \text{ calorie} = 4.184 \text{ joules} \). Use this to convert the value obtained in calories to joules by multiplying the number of calories by 4.184.

Step 4: Write the final expressions for both conversions: \( 350 \text{ Calories} \times 1000 = \text{ calories} \) and \( \text{calories} \times 4.184 = \text{ joules} \).

Step 5: Ensure the units are consistent and verify the calculations conceptually to confirm the conversions are correct.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Calorie vs. Kilocalorie

A calorie (cal) is a unit of energy defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. A kilocalorie (kcal), often referred to simply as a 'Calorie' in dietary contexts, is equal to 1,000 calories. Understanding this distinction is crucial for converting between these units when discussing food energy.

Energy Conversion

Energy can be expressed in various units, including calories and joules. The conversion factor between these units is important: 1 calorie is approximately equal to 4.184 joules. This means that to convert calories to joules, one must multiply the calorie value by 4.184, which is essential for accurately expressing energy content in different contexts.

Nutritional Energy Content

The energy content of food is typically measured in kilocalories (Calories) and indicates how much energy the body can obtain from consuming that food. For example, a donut containing 350 Calories provides a specific amount of energy that can be converted into other units for scientific or dietary analysis. Understanding this concept helps in evaluating dietary choices and energy balance.

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