Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

9. Solutions

Percent Concentrations

GOB Chemistry

9. Solutions

Percent Concentrations

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1:25 minutes

Problem 96

Textbook Question

An 80-proof brandy is a 40.% (v/v) ethanol solution. The "proof" is twice the percent concentration of alcohol in the beverage. How many milliliters of alcohol are present in 750 mL of brandy?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the relationship between proof and percent concentration: Proof is defined as twice the percent concentration of alcohol. For an 80-proof brandy, the percent concentration of ethanol is 40.0% (v/v). This means 40.0 mL of ethanol is present in every 100 mL of brandy.

Identify the total volume of the brandy given in the problem: The total volume of the brandy is 750 mL.

Set up the calculation to determine the volume of ethanol: Use the percent concentration (v/v) as a conversion factor. Multiply the total volume of the brandy by the percent concentration expressed as a decimal (40.0% = 0.400). The formula is:

Volume of ethanol = Total volume of brandy \times 0.400

Substitute the given values into the formula: Replace the total volume of brandy with 750 mL. The equation becomes:

Volume of ethanol = 750 \times 0.400

Perform the multiplication to find the volume of ethanol in milliliters. Ensure the final answer is reported with the correct number of significant figures based on the given data (3 significant figures for 750 mL and 40.0%).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Proof and Alcohol Concentration

Proof is a measure of the strength of an alcoholic beverage, defined as twice the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV). For example, an 80-proof beverage contains 40% ethanol, meaning that in every 100 mL of the beverage, there are 40 mL of pure alcohol. Understanding this relationship is crucial for calculating the amount of alcohol in a given volume of the beverage.

Volume and Concentration Calculations

To determine the amount of alcohol in a solution, one can use the formula: Volume of alcohol = Total volume × (Alcohol concentration/100). In this case, knowing the total volume of the brandy (750 mL) and its alcohol concentration (40% v/v) allows for straightforward calculations to find the volume of pure alcohol present.

Milliliters to Liters Conversion

Understanding the conversion between milliliters (mL) and liters (L) is essential in volume calculations. Since 1 L equals 1000 mL, this conversion is often necessary when dealing with larger volumes or when results need to be expressed in different units. However, in this specific problem, the calculations remain in milliliters, simplifying the process.

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