Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
ATP Yield in Cellular Respiration
ATP yield refers to the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced during cellular respiration processes, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each step of these metabolic pathways contributes a specific number of ATP molecules, which are crucial for energy transfer in cells.
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NADH and Its Role in Energy Production
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a key electron carrier in cellular respiration. When NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺, it donates electrons to the electron transport chain, leading to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The amount of ATP generated from NADH oxidation is significant, typically yielding about 2.5 ATP per molecule.
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria, where ATP is produced using energy derived from the electron transport chain. This process involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH₂ to oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, resulting in high ATP yields.
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