Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

17. Amines

Naming Ammonium Salts

GOB Chemistry

17. Amines

Naming Ammonium Salts

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Problem 35a

Textbook Question

Give names or structures for the following ammonium salts. Indicate whether each is the ammonium salt of a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine.
a.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of ammonium salts. Ammonium salts are ionic compounds formed when an amine reacts with an acid, resulting in the protonation of the nitrogen atom. The nitrogen atom gains a positive charge, and the counterion is typically derived from the acid used.

Step 2: Analyze the given structure (IMAGE) to identify the amine group. Look for the nitrogen atom and count the number of alkyl or aryl groups attached to it. This will help determine whether the amine is primary (one alkyl/aryl group), secondary (two alkyl/aryl groups), or tertiary (three alkyl/aryl groups).

Step 3: Determine the name of the amine before protonation. Use IUPAC naming rules to name the amine based on the number and type of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom.

Step 4: Add the suffix '-ammonium' to the name of the amine to indicate that it has been protonated. Include the name of the counterion (derived from the acid) as part of the salt's name. For example, if the counterion is chloride (Cl⁻), the salt name will end with 'chloride.'

Step 5: Indicate whether the ammonium salt is derived from a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine based on the number of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom in the original amine structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Ammonium Salts

Ammonium salts are ionic compounds formed when ammonia (NH3) reacts with an acid, resulting in a positively charged ammonium ion (NH4+). These salts can be derived from primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, depending on the number of carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Understanding the structure of these salts is crucial for identifying their properties and reactivity.

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines

Amines are classified based on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Primary amines have one carbon group, secondary amines have two, and tertiary amines have three. This classification affects the amine's reactivity and the type of ammonium salt formed when they react with acids, which is essential for determining the structure of the resulting ammonium salt.

Nomenclature of Ammonium Salts

The nomenclature of ammonium salts involves naming the ammonium ion and the anion derived from the acid. The name typically includes 'ammonium' followed by the name of the anion. Familiarity with IUPAC naming conventions is important for accurately identifying and naming these compounds, especially when distinguishing between salts derived from different types of amines.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Novocain, a local anesthetic, is the ammonium salt of procaine.

a. Draw the condensed structural formula for the ammonium salt (procaine hydrochloride) formed when procaine reacts with HCl. (Hint: The tertiary amine reacts with HCl.)

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